the process whereby a musician notates musical ideas using a system of symbols or using some other form of recording. Interestingly, these popular songs generally had an opening verse and then a chorus. Fugues are based upon their original . This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Cantatas are performed without staging but they utilize narration, arias, recitatives, choruses and smaller vocal ensembles. Stravinsky's music for the ballet Pulcinella (1920) is a major The way in which the beats are grouped together in a piece. A verse is a set of lyrics that are generally, although not always, just heard once over the course of a song. C. Realist art It just organize sound with no observable pitch. The overall effect is one in which you hear the individual expressions of each player, but can still clearly recognize the song over which they are improvising. Soprano- highest female voices, Instruments whose sound is produced by setting strings in motion, Instruments traditionally made of wood whose sound is generated by forcing air through a tube, thus creating a vibrating air column, Instruments traditionally made of brass or another metal whose sound is generated by blowing into a mouthpiece that is attached to a coiled tube, Instruments that are typically hit or struck by the hand, with sticks, or with hammers or that are shaken or rubbed by hand, Instruments that are characterized by keyboards, such as the piano, organ, vibraphone, and accordion, Electronic instruments (often in keyboard form) that create sounds using basic wave forms in different combinations, A succession of single tones in musical compositions, A melody with wide leaps and rapid changes in direction, A melody that moves mostly by step, in a smooth manner, The smallest musical unit of a melody, generally a single rhythm of two or three pitches, A repetition of a motive or phrase at a different pitch level, Any simultaneous combination of tones and the rules governing those combinations, The simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches; like intervals, chords can be consonant or dissonant, Used to describe intervals and chords that tend to sound sweet and pleasing to our ears; consonance (noun), as opposed to dissonance, is stable and needs no resolution.he simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches; like intervals, chords can be consonant or dissonant, Intervals and chords that tend to sound harsh to our ears; dissonance (noun) is often used to create tension and instability, and the interplay between dissonance and consonance provides a sense of harmonic and melodic motion in music, A chord that has three pitches stacked in intervals of thirds, A chord that has four pitches stacked in intervals of thirds, The set of pitches on which a composition is based, The most important pitch of a key; the note from which the other pitches are derived, A series of pitches, ordered by the interval between its notes, Notes that are not normally found in a given key, Musical pitches which move up or down by successive half-steps, A twelve-bar musical form commonly found in American music, The way the music is organized in respect to time, The way in which the beats are grouped together in a piece, A unit of time that contains a specific number of beats defined by the meter/ time signature, The numeric notation at the beginning of a line of music where the top number indicates how many beats are in each measure and the bottom number indicates which type of note will represent that beat, The act of shifting the normal accent, usually by stressing the normally unaccented weak beats or placing the accent between the beats themselves, The ways in which musical lines of a musical piece interact, Musical texture comprised of one melodic line; a melodic line may be sung by one person or 100 people, Musical texture comprised of one melodic line accompanied by chords, Musical texture that simultaneously features two or more relatively independent and important melodic lines, The structure of the phrases and sections within a musical composition (Does it repeat? "classical" repertoire associated with Opera, ballet, symphony, or chamber music. Thus, the chorus was what jazz artists took as the basis of their improvisations. pride in one's nation or cultural identity, often expressed in art, literature, Still, categorizing is a human exercise by which we attempt to see the big picture and compare and contrast the phenomenon we encounter, so that we can make larger generalizations. 13. Listen to the example of Louis Armstrong below. Somewhere over the rainbow way up high, theres a land that I heard of once in a lullaby. This opening line and melody lasts for eight bars. A composite major church choir form from the Baroque period that involves soloist, choir, and orchestra. is a highly varied sacred choral musical composition. perfected by J.S. within different cultures, often for different reasons. the number of pitches, expressed as an intervallic distance, The distance between any two of these notes, a succession of single tones in musical compositions, the tone color or tone quality of a sound, the way in which the beats are grouped together in a piece, the process whereby musicians create music spontaneously using the elements of music as building blocks, (adjective) term used to describe intervals and chords that tend to sound sweet and pleasing to our ears; consonance (noun), as opposed to dissonance, is, the act of shifting the normal accent, usually by stressing the normally unaccented weak beats or placing the accent between the beats themselves, the way the music is organized in respect to time, (adjective) intervals and chords that tend to sound harsh to our ears; dissonance (noun) is often used to create tension and instability, and the interplay sound and silence organized in time. Name the terms found in Unit I Resources, including text and slide show. Cross out each error, and write the correct form above it. a musical composition in multiple movements for solo instrument, usually Where the entire musical ensemble performs together as a whole as opposed to a soloist. Someday Ill wish upon a star, and wake up where the clouds are far, behind me. A cord that has four pitches stocks in intervals of thirds. If necessary, consult a dictionary. OD. This is followed by Armstrong interpreting the melody. , art The low, medium, and high sections of an instrument or vocal range. Ex. What movement features exciting, colorful images that are partly inspired by commercialism? 10. C. complete support from the public. ), how quickly or slowly a medium (solid, liquid, gas) vibrates and produces a sound, musical texture that simultaneously features two or more relatively independent and important melodic lines, two or more different rhythms played at the same time, the number of pitches; expressed as an intervallic distance, the low, medium, and high sections of an instrument or vocal range, the way the music is organized in respect to time, a series of pitches; ordered by the interval between its notes, a repetition of a motive or phrase at a different pitch level, a chord that has four pitches stacked in intervals of thirds, the simplest sound wave that occurs in nature; a pure __________ contains no partials and is perfectly smooth and rounded in appearance on an oscilloscope, the mechanical moment of an audible pressure wave through a solid, liquid, or gas, longitudinal waves (compression and rarefaction waves) that travel through a solid, liquid, or gas, the distance between adjacent notes in a musical scale, instruments whose sound is produced by setting strings in motion, the act of shifting the moral accent; usually by stressing the normally unaccented weak beats or placing the accent between the beats themselves, electronic instruments (often in keyboard form) that create sounds using basic wave forms in different combinations, the ways in which musical lines of a musical piece interact, the tone color or tone quality of a sound, the numeric notation at the beginning of a line of music where the top number indicates how many beats are in each measure and the bottom number indicates which type of note will represent that beat, the most important pitch of a key; the note from which the other pitches are derived, a chord that has three pitches stacked in intervals of thirds, a twelve-bar musical form commonly found in American music, instruments traditionally made of wood whose sound is generated by forcing air through a tube, thus creating a vibrating air column. Those elements may be combined using one of two major processes; composition and improvisation. It is often described as music that stands the test of time. ___Popular Music __ 11. Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, Final Exam for Lighting Interior Design IND 2, CSD 854 Electroacoustic and instrument calibr. A melody that moves mostly by step, in a smooth manner. Musical texture that simultaneously features two or more relatively independent and important melodic lines. Arnold Schoenberg's 12-tone during the medieval era where a life of penance in a feudal system was considered homophonic compositions featuring a solo singer over accompaniment. And it is these elements that provide structure, coherence, and shape to musical compositions. a highly varied sacred choral musical composition. It took three weeks to drive the bovinebovinebovine herd .. Read 'Quetzalcoatl' a Mexican myth, retold by Amy Cruse, that you can find on the internet and answer the following question. music intended for a wide audience, often featuring . The act of shifting the normal accent, usually by stressing the normally an accented weak beats for placing the accent between the beat themselves. 1.19: Judy Garland (Somewhere) Over the Rainbow (1939), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PSZxmZmBfnU. a major work with religious or contemplative character for solo voices, chorus and orchestra. the process whereby musicians create music spontaneously using the elements of music as building blocks. The process whereby musicians create music spontaneously using the elements of music as building blocks. A composer or songwriter brings myriad experiences of music, accumulated over a lifetime, to the act of writing music. 12. Composers of art music typically hope that their creative products will be played for many years. Many so-called jazz standards spring from that repertoire. 1950s. Music with two or more melodies blended together. The next section may be written to be performed at another volume. Any simultaneous combination of tones and the rules governing those combinations (the way a melody is accompanied is also another way to define harmony). 1.24: Louis Armstrong, When the Saints Go Marching In (1961), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WADCJ4_KmU. For example, today, if you go to a symphony orchestra concert you will likely hear music composed over a hundred years ago. Music History Test 1 Flashcards | Quizlet as pitch, duration, dynamics, and instrumentation. order, and restraint. ___Popular _____ Music category that is usually liked by large groups of people, but not passed down through the generations. A compositional technique where 2 or more instruments or voices in different keys perform together at the same time. Ex. including soul, funk and now contemporary R&B. strophic song form. Bach during the baroque period, fugues are a form written in an The next line of the text is sung to the same melody (still eight bars long) as the first line of text. A chorus is normally a set of lyrics that recur to the same music within a given song. four movements, Music that seeks to avoid both the traditional rules of harmony and the use of the structure of the phrases and sections, the way the music is organized in respect, the tone color or tone quality of a sound. O Lutheran madrigal. United States needed to be neutral in the war Absorption- sound waves are absorbed by porous surfaces Music that stands the test of time, takes years of training to master and is usually called. The piece ends when Armstrong sings the melody one last time. Another important form to jazz and popular music is AABA form. Ex. 1.9: Putting it All Together - Humanities LibreTexts (Adjective) Intervals and chords that tend to sound harsh to our ears; dissonance (noun) is often used to create tension and instability, and the interplay between dissonance and consonance provides a sense of harmonic and melodic motion in music. Unit 1 Assignment- MUS 101 - Music Appreciation Unit I: Music that seeks to avoid both the traditional rules of harmony and uses of chords and scales, Twentieth century that features syncopated rhythms, Wide varieties of music that were developed in cultures. goal for Washington? The simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches; like intervals, chords can be continent or dissonant. Used during the Baroque period, this is where the different sections have a piece of music have a set volume unique for that particular section. century, A renaissance consort is a group of renaissance instrumentalists playing together. The composer may intentionally write music modeled after another groups music: this happens all of the time in the world of popular music where the aim is to produce music that will be disseminated to as many people as possible. You might be surprised by what you hear! flats or sharps found in the key signature that alter a note, the simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches; like intervals, chords can be, musical pitches which move up or down by successive half-steps, a melody that moves in small, connected intervals, melodies that move in larger, disconnected intervals. The rhythm section of piano, bass, and drums are improvising their accompaniment underneath the horn players, but are doing so within the strict chord progression of the song. imitative contrapuntal style in multiple parts. style, or more specifically, to a song that follows a blues form, which is a twelve-bar Music from every culture is made up of some combination of the musical elements. Improvisation- the process whereby musicians create music spontaneously using the elements of music as building blocks 4. Originally the result from the German protestant church's reformation, the chorale is the hymn (tune) is a four part homophonic work that is sung by the church congregation. An artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements. A melody with wide lips and rapid changes in direction. Local musicians and other creative types will be granted access to Sydney's town squares for performance under a new plan. dealt with subjects associated with honky tonks such as infidelity and drinking. Review Set 1 Flashcards | Quizlet ___G_ Timbre 7. Alto- lowest female voices The Basso continuo provides a framework/template for harmonic accompaniments. accompanied by the piano. Humanism is a major paradigm shift from the ways of thought A broken consort is an ensemble comprised of instruments from The next section may be written to be performed at another volume. GEL111 - James Corbett Music Assignment 1.docx - Course Hero unity. Musical texture comprised of one melodic line accompanied by chords. Improvisation is one possible compositional tool used in creating a spontaneous composition. key areas introduced in the exposition are developed, first section of a sonata form movement, in which the themes and key areas against romanticism and which sought to recapture classical ideals like symmetry, The simplest soundwave that occurs in nature, and example that is pure contains no partials and is perfectly smooth and rounded in appearance on an oscilloscope. Next we hear individual solos improvised on the clarinet, the trombone, and the trumpet. Create a chart giving examples of Hitler's actions to create a New World Order in Europe and the outcome of his efforts. Music Appreciation Flashcards | Quizlet 32 measures; 4 eight-measure phrases; A sections are the same while B section is contrasting, standard strophic form of a song in which there is a regularly recurring refrain (chorus). __B__ Dynamics A. the ways in which musical lines of a musical piece interact B. the variation in the volume of . instrumental form consisting of the alternation of a refrain "A" with contrasting meter, was a form of Renaissance dance and music popular all over Europe in the 16th As such, it is like folk music. To use twentieth-century terminology, it often hits the charts in one month and then is supplanted by something new in the next month. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Or a series of rapid notes would represent running. African American work songs, field hollers, and spirituals. Music that stands the test of time, takes years of training to master and is usually called Classical music. The process whereby a musician notate musical ideas using a system of symbols or using some other form of recording. Renaissance, is also known as a chansonnier. Armstrong is performing a style of early New Orleans jazz in which the entire group improvises to varying degrees over a set musical form and melody. In this case, each of the two verses are repeated one time, meaning that the overall form looks something like: intro, verse 1, chorus, verse 2, chorus, verse 2, chorus, verse 1, chorus. music performed by untrained musicians and passed down through oral traditions. After an introduction of four bars, Garland enters with the opening line of the text, sung to melody A. Music Appreciation Flashcards | Quizlet It is also sometimes referred to as classical music and has a written musical tradition. Read the passage in Section 3 that begins with the heading "Truman and loyalty." Where troubles melt like lemon drops, away above the chimney tops, thats where youll find me. It is sung to a contrasting melody B and is eight bars long. Chord- the simultaneous sounding of three or more pitches; like intervals, chords can be consonant or dissonant 3. We will discuss these forms, such as the rondo and sonata-allegro, in later chapters, but for the purpose of this introduction, we will focus on those that might be more familiar to the modern listener. Amplitude- refers to how high a wave appears on an oscilloscope Postmodern a subsection or independent section/piece of a larger work. improvisation. Refers to how high the wave form appears to vibrate above zero when seen on an oscilloscope; louder sounds create higher oscilloscope amplitude readings. Used during the Baroque period, this is where the different O Lutheran anthem Instruments that are characterized by keyboards, such as the piano, Oregon, vibraphone, and accordion. Unit 1 Lesson 2 - Assignment 1 .docx - Music Appreciation The instruments comprising a musical group (including the human voice). As you listen to the music you like, pay attention to its form. Instruments who sound is produced by setting strings in motion. The chorus was a section of thirty-two-bar form, and often the part that audiences remembered. Music Appreciation Unit I: Music Fundamentals Assignment Basic Elements of Music: (Terms found in Unit I Resources, including text and slide show.) Improvisation is one possible compositional tool used in creating a spontaneous composition. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRBgy43gCoQ. The way the music is organized in respect to time. Oratorios do not utilize blocking, costumes, or scenery. Lullabies, dance music, work songs, and some worship music are often considered folk music as they are integrated with daily life. "classical" repertoire associated with Opera, ballet, symphony, or chamber music. A musical movement that arose in the twentieth century as a reaction the process whereby musicians create music spontaneously using the elements of music as building blocks. Improvisation is a different process. A staged musical drama for voices and orchestra. The tone color or tone quality of the sound. Improvisation is one possible compositional tool used in creating a spontaneous composition. Published in category Arts, 26.08.2022 But popular music is generally not expected to be passed down from one generation to the next as happens with folk music. Monophonic. The unit of frequency defined as one cycle per second and named after Heinrich hertz (1957 to 1894) in 1960. Key points. __D__ Harmony 3. This style included the use of chromaticism, whole-tone scales 13. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. A singer specializing in chansons is known as a "chanteur" (male) or "chanteuse" A succession of single tones in musical compositions. Music Appreciation Lesson 3 Flashcards | Quizlet Listen to the example linked below of Miles Davis playing All Blues. The trumpet and two saxophones play an arrangement of a composed melody, then each player improvises using the scale from which the melody is derived. tune that is called the subject. In a simple verse-chorus form, the same music is used for the chorus and for each verse. Their thoughts were so aligned that it seemed they could communicate by _____. 9. The process of raising or lowering different frequencies of sound, either in a recording, or within a tone (overtones). music performed by untrained musicians and passed down through oral traditions. the process whereby musicians create music spontaneously using the elements of music. The sounds of different frequency that naturally occur above a fundamental (primary) tone. 20. elements of music as building blocks, the instruments comprising a musical group (including the human voice), a succession of single tones in musical compositions, musical texture comprised of one melodic line. The term has 12. The subject is then imitated and overlapped by the The following sentence may contain errors in capitalization and abbreviation. The music of the classical period (1775-1825) is rich with musical forms as heard in the works of masters such as Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. nations. Folk music is another form of music that has withstood the test of time, but in a different way. The instruments comprising a musical group (including the human voice). In much of the popular music we hear today, like jazz and rock, both improvisation and composition are combined. )%2F01%253A_Music_Fundamentals%2F1.09%253A_Putting_it_All_Together, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Format Breakdown of Elvis's "Hound Dog", Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): Venn Diagram of the Three Categories of Music. Most madrigals were about love. Originally performed in saloons known as "honky tonks,' many of the songs The process whereby a musician notate musical ideas using a system of symbols were using some other form of recording. A chorus is sometimes called a refrain. He or she has learned how to write music by listening to, playing, and studying music. The distance between adjacent notes in a musical scale. then a contrasting Trio (B), followed by a return to the Minuet (A), third and final second of a sonata-form movement, in which the themes Hank Williamss Im So Lonesome I Could Cry (1949) is one example of a simple verse form. At the same time, the trombone improvises supporting notes that outline the harmony of the song and the clarinet improvises a completely new melody designed to complement the main melody of the trumpet. Two or more different rhythms played at the same time. __E__ Form 6. They originated in Italy around 1520. The ways in which musical lines of a musical piece interact. Can the Circle Be Unbroken (1935) by The Carter Family is a good example of a simple verse-chorus form. 1.22: The Doors, Light my Fire (1967), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deB_u-to-IE. having the same sound or voice. a term used to describe a wide variety of musical forms that developed Ex. depicted black characters as happy participants in romanticized versions of the This entire verse is sung over the I-IV-I-V-IV-I progression. >> <<. (female); a collection of chansons, especially from the late Middle Ages and After Williams sings two verses, each sixteen bars long, there is an instrumental verse, played by guitar. The most important pitch of a key; the note from which the other pictures are derived. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. The process whereby musicians spontaneously create music. Williams then ends the song with a final verse. using a flexible tempo, to sparse accompaniment, most often provided by the basso The process whereby musicians spontaneously create music. Repeated unifying sections founds in between the solo sections of a concerto grosso, The text or actual words of an opera, musical, cantata or oratorio, written or compiled by a librettist. This process is usually undertaken within a strong . People ask what this music is that we call "intuitive music", how it differs from improvisation, and how it is produced.All Jazz artists, including ourselves, and also many other "progressive" musicians, engage in the art form called improvisation, that is, creating a fresh and spontaneous personal interpretation of a known musical piece. ), { "1.01:_What_is_Music" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.02:_Performing_Forces_for_Music" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.03:_Music_Notation" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.04:_New_Recording_Technologies" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.05:_Melody" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.06:_Harmony" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.07:_Rhythm" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.08:_Texture" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.09:_Putting_it_All_Together" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.10:_Chapter_Summary" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.11:_Key_Terms_and_Individuals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "1.12:_Glossary" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_Music_Fundamentals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Music_of_the_Middle_Ages" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Music_of_the_Renaissance" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Music_of_the_Baroque_Period" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Music_of_the_Classical_Period" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Nineteenth-Century_Music_and_Romanticism" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_The_Twentieth_Century_and_Beyond" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Popular_Music_in_the_United_States" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbysa", "showtoc:no", "Composition", "form", "authorname:clarketal", "improvisation", "program:galileo" ], https://human.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fhuman.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FMusic%2FUnderstanding_Music_-_Past_and_Present_(Clark_et_al.

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