As the Biblical form Shinar indicates the whole of Babylonia, it corresponds with the native (Sumerian) Kingi-Ura, rendered "Sumer and Akkad," from which, by changing "K" into "Sh" (found in Sumerian), Shinar may have been derived, but this explanation is not free from difficulties.3. The word here translated "plain" means "circle," and well describes the view which one has of the plain about Jericho from Bethel as he looks down the valley past Ai. Possible Babylonian Form of the Name: Though sometimes identified with the Babylonian Sumer, the connection of Shinar with that name is doubtful. The great capital of the tract, however, was Susa (Shushan), whence its Greek name of Susiana, interchanging with Elymais, from the Semitic Elam.2. speech [eme.sal dialect]). Eventually, some of them disobeyed God and decided to stay in one place and build a tall tower to try and reach the skies. Save 15% on BibleGateway+ with code SPRINGSTUDY15. to the Race:Not only the language, but also the sculptures which they have left, point to the probability that the earlier inhabitants of Shinar belonged to a different race from the later. The word Mesopotamia means the land "between the rivers" which were the Tigris and Euphrates. In the native sculptures, moreover, the non-Semitic type precedes the Semitic; and in the inscriptions the non-Semitic idiom precedes that of the Semitic tranlation. According to the Assyrian king's record, an enormous booty was taken, including many sacred and ancient royal statues preserved at Susa. The History of Rome - Brief Overview Of Roman History from Her Dawn to the First Punic War. Te-umman immediately sent two messengers to Assur-bani-apli demanding the surrender of the fugitives. 1883, 44 Jen ZK ii(1885), 419; Egyptian Sangar (WMM As.u.Eur.279), Tel Amarna anar (Wkl TelAm. ATS Bible Dictionary Dura The plain in Babylon where Nebuchadnezzar set up his golden image. Genesis 11:4 - They said, "Come, let's build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top reaches to the sky, and let's make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad on the surface of the whole earth.". Climate 6. The Bible records in Genesis 11 that all mankind came to the Land of Shinar and make a name for themselves under the leadership of Nimrod, so they built a tower at Babel, a tower that would reach to heaven. (12) Eridu:South of the Ur lay Eridu, or, in full, Guruduga, "the good city," wherein, apparently, lay the earthly Paradise. Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. Literature Referring to Erech:Many tablets have been found on the site, and give promise of interesting discoveries still to come. Encyclopedia. Castor beans, indigo, lentils, haricots, etc., are less cultivated.7. Sumerian and Other Equivalents:This two-fold designation, Kingi-Ura, is that which is commonly used in the inscriptions of the earlier kings, though it cannot then have indicated always the whole country, but only such parts of it as acknowledged their overlordship. The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Hebrew inar is equivalent to the Egyptian Sngr and Hittite anar(a), all referring to southern Mesopotamia. Genesis 11:2 It happened, as they traveled east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they lived there. In consequence of these encroachments, the equilibrium between precipitation and evaporation could be maintained only by a rise in the water causing it to spread over the shallow shelf at the south end, thus covering a large part of the Vale of Siddim with the shoal water now found between el-Lisan and Jebel Usdum.George Frederick Wright. According to De Morgan, the original population was mainly negritic, and has mingled with the Arab stock to such an extent that mulattoes among them are not rare. Ancient Mesopotamia. Tammaritu, the new king's youngest brother, was at the same time made king of Hidalu, in the mountain region. This, which belongs to the southern region, is very inaccessible on account of the watercourses and marshes. Like others referred to in the legends which Berosus refers to, he was half-man and half-fish. The extreme length of the site from North to South is over 3,000 yds., and its width about 2,800 yds. 2023 26 Apr. Shinar (/anr/; Hebrew nr, Septuagint Sennar) is the name for the southern region of Mesopotamia used by the Hebrew Bible. NET Bible The primary regions of his kingdom were Babel, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh in the land of Shinar. Genesis portrays him as allied with three other kings, campaigning against five Canaanite city-states in response to an uprising in the days of Abraham. Possible Babylonian Form of the Name3. Their deities, however, always had hair and beard, implying that they came from a different, though possibly related, stock. Sculpture in Shinar12. The principal difficulty lies in the fact that what might be regarded as the non-dialectical form singar (which would alone furnish a satisfactory basis of comparison) is not found, and would, if existent, only apply to the southern portion of Babylonia. The exact location is unknown. ), were successively masters of Elam. influence far beyond its bounds, by economic prosperity and a revival in every branch of Sumer. When it is prepared, she will be set there in her own place. W. F. Albright, Shinar-anar and Its Monarch Amraphel. It was the city of Gilgames, the half-mythical king of the earliest period, who seems to have restored the walls and temples. You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. Overtaken by the Assyrian army, he fought with them near his own border, but was defeated and fled. An Elamite contemporary of Nabonassar of Babylon was Humbanigas, 742 B.C. Kudur-mabuk, son of Simti-Silhak, was at this time adda ("father," probably meaning protector) of Emutbalu and the West-Amurru, the land of the Amorites, whither marched Chedorlaomer and Amraphel, with their allies, in the time of Abraham (Genesis 14). Behold, they are hidden in the ground in the middle of my tent, with the silver under it.". When the nation of Judah was finally taken into exile to Babylonia, Nebuchadnezzar carried off the devoted things of the Lord's temple and placed them in a temple to the god he worshipped ( Daniel 1:1-2 ). Surface Configuration 3. ); but American Revised Version, margin renders: "Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh," which translation is more accurate exegetically and not in conflict with Micah 5:6, if in the latter "land of Nimrod" be understood, not as parallel with, but as supplemental to, Assyria, and therefore as Babylon (compare commentaries of Cheyne, Pusey, S. Clark, in the place cited. "See EDEN.4. Easton's Bible Dictionary God came down and gave them new languages which forced them to scatter throughout the whole earth. Shinar (country of two rivers), the ancient name of the great alluvial tract through which the Tigris and Euphrates pass before reaching the sea --the tract known in later times as Chaldaea or Babylonia.It was a plain country, where brick had to be used for stone and slime for mortar. One of the chiefs of Susa about this time was Simbi-ishak. Among the temples which he built was one dedicated to the goddess Narute, and he erected a bridge near his residence. Save 15% for life on BibleGateway+ with code SPRINGSTUDY15. ", shi'-nar (shin`ar; Senaar Sen(n)aar):1. He regards this type as being represented among the soldiers as well as among the people conquered by Naram-Sin about 3000 B.C. Zechariah 5:11 He said to me, "To build her a house in the land of Shinar. Some of the rivers being salt, sea fish are also to be found, and it is not rare to see sharks at Shuster, and eels in the lower Karun.8. Tammaritu, nephew of Umman-igas, after the defeat of the Elamite forces in Chaldea, revolted against him, and having defeated him, cut off his head, and took the crown. The most natural site for it is near the mouth of the Wady Kerak, which comes down from Moab into the southern end of the Dead Sea (see ZOAR); and this city was ever afterward spoken of as a Moabite city, which would not have been the case if it had been at the north end of the sea. Gimil-Sin was succeeded by his son Ibi-Sin as overlord in Elam, who invaded and devastated the country, probably to suppress a a revolt. The Assyro-Babylonians called the tract Elamtu, expressed ideographically by the Sumerian characters for Nimma or Numma, which seems to have been its name in that language. Isaiah 11:11 It will happen in that day that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant that is left of his people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. lit. The Assyrians came up with the Elamites at Der, but Te-umman feared to join issue there, and retreating, took up a strong position near his capital, Susa, with his front protected by the river Ulai. and art. Kudur-mabuk of Larsa was succeeded by his son Eri-Aku (probably the Iri-Agun of Larsa of the Elamite texts), and if he be really, as seems probable, the Arioch of Genesis 14:1, 9, then this is also the period when Chedorlaomer ruled in Elam. Picture Study Bible - StudyBible with Pictures and Maps. had to fight in the Zagros mountains and to the W where a defensive wall failed to keep out the increasing incursions of the Amorites (MAR. In Isaiah 21:2 it is apparently the later Cyrus who is referred to when Elam, with Media, is called upon "to go up" to the siege of Babylon. x[M_1@sIl`w,\"d6Q}$ }{lT*:U*wx o|o~0OoSo~!i85| --ba+'Ui2Ve\oYN+,e\z$s}rZ JaX50?:1y*P$QVD=;~L4E >=u@[h It is true that many specimens are crude and uncouth, but this is probably due to the sculptors having been, often enough, the slaves of their material. The Bible mentions that the ark of Noah rested on the mountains of Ararat, not Mount Ararat in particular. It is thought probable that the Elamite king Sadi(?) Its most celebrated king, after Gilgames, was Lugal-zaggi-si, one of the opponents of the rulers of Lagas. The alterations in the waterways, owing to changes in the irrigation-channels, must then, as now, have hindered communication. The First Miracle at Cana. Jesus Keeps Feast of Tabernacles. Nimrod) went forth into Assyria, and builded Nineveh," etc., this translation assigning the rise of Assyria to Nimrod, and apparently being sustained by Micah 5:5, 6 (compare J. M. P. Smith, "Micah," ICC, in the place cited. This location of Shinar is first mentioned in Genesis 10 in relationship to Nimrod and the building of his kingdom. In the 2nd (so-called Median or Scythian) version of the late Persian inscriptions this name is given as Hapirti, Halpirti, and Haltupirti, and appears as the equivalent of the Babylonian Elammat (Elamtu) or Elam without the nominative ending. Each city had its principal god and temple. In the ruins of the town and the country around, numerous glazed earthenware (slipper-shaped) coffins and other receptacles, used for and in connection with the burial of the dead, occur. There is a remarkable contrast between the depths of the north end of the Dead Sea and of the south end. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! The Assyrians were, as usual, successful, and on learning this, Umman-aldas fled to the mountains. The elephant, wild ass, wild ox and ostrich are no longer to be found on the Chaldeo-Elamite plain, but a few examples of the lion still exist there. (3) Babylon:Babylon, for which see BABEL; BABYLON. He also defeated the king of Asnunnak. SHINAR shn r (; , ). The state of Babylon probably included Cuthah. Geographical name associated with NE Syria. EPUB for Kindle - 12.98. Babylon. ( Genesis 11:3) Among the cities were Babel (Babylon), Erech or Orech (Orchoe), Calneh or Calno (probably . Eight kings reigned for 241,209 years in these five cities and then the flood swept over the earth. Another text lists ten such rulers, but two of these may have been contemporaries, so, though there are superficial similarities between these lists and the ten antideluvian patriarchs (Gen 5) and the pre-flood monarchs of the later Berossus account, no direct correlation is possible. Genesis 10:10 The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.. Ezra 4:9 then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions, the Dinaites, and the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, the Elamites, The Sumerians Probably in Shinar before the Semites:Though there is no certain indication which race entered Shinar first, it is to be noted that Nimrod, presumably Shinar's first king and the founder of its great cities, was a son of Cush (Genesis 10:8), and the name of Shinar seems to have existed before the foundation of Babel (Babylon) and its tower (Genesis 11:2). Having been the capital of the hero-king Gilgames, who saw the wonders of the wide world, spoke with the Babylonian Noah face to face, and almost attained immortality as a living man, it was always a place of romance. "The land of Shinar" is the old name for Southern Babylonia, afterward called Chaldea ('erets kasdim), and was probably more extensive in territory than the Sumer of the inscriptions in the ancient royal title, "King of Shumer and Accad," since Accad is included here in Shinar. About 2280 B.C. The ancient language of the region is called Akkadian, named after the city of Akkad, one of the cities founded by Nimrod in Shinar ( Genesis 10:10 ). A fine garment looted by Achan near Jericho was described as coming from Shinar (Josh 7:21, KJV Babylonish). Comparison with the Semitic Idiom7. Majority Standard Bible His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. This was the birthplace of the Babylonian Noah, Ut-napistim, son of Opartes (Umbara-Tutu), a Chaldean of Larancha. In the lit. Entering Susa, Tammaritu was once more proclaimed king of Elam, he, in return, promising to regard Assur-bani-apli as his lord, and to pay tribute. Bible Book: Genesis Type: Maps Location: Babylon, Canaan, Carchemish, Damascus, Elam, Hebron, Hittite, Huran, Hurrian, Shinar, Sodom, Ur Era: Israel's founding fathers Map Genesis 14. The Name and Its Etymology: The city over which Arioch (Eri-Aku) and other Babylonian kings ruled ( Genesis 14:1 ). C. The Sumerian renaissance. The history of this period has still to be discovered, but the Babylonians apparently soon shook off the Elamite yoke. Its Patron-Deities and Their Temples:Two great deities, Ishtar and Nanaa, were worshipped in this city, the temple of the former being E-anna, "the house of heaven" (or "of Anu," in which case it is probable that the god of the heavens, Anu, was also one of the patrons of the city). Seven years later one of his own officials, Ur-Nammu, governor of Ur, took the titles King of Sumer and Akkad and inaugurated the third dynasty of Ur (2113-2006 b.c.) Despite his efforts to restore the rights of the individual, his people failed to withstand the pressures of Lugalzaggesi of Umma who took over the city and was himself soon thereafter conquered by the powerful Semite, Sargon of Agade who thus brought Sumer. A varied lit. Copyright 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Elamite Religion 14. Defections from his army now so weakened the forces of Te-umman that he endeavored to treat with Assur-bani-apli, who naturally refused to listen to terms, and ordered his troops to attack. Because many ancient regions aren't precisely defined, I consulted atlases to determine where the biblical region is located and used that data to build the isobands. This was the place where migrants from the E settled and built the city and tower of Babel ( 11:2 ). Whether the founding and colonization of Assyria (Genesis 10:11) are to be ascribed to Nimrod will be determined by the exegesis of the text. Wheat and barley, sown in October and November, are harvested in April. was influential since the same script was taken over for use in the Sem. lists of Asiatic countries known to Seti I and Amenhotep II shankhar is included (ANET [1950], 243, 247). It was to this land that Nebuchadnezzar took the captives from Jerusalem (Dan 1:2) and from it the prophet foresaw that the faithful remnant would be gathered (Isa 11:11). (15) Elam's Further Changes of Rulers.Indabigas, the new Elamite king, now sent an embassy to make peace with Assur-bani-apli, who at once demanded the surrender of Nabu-bel-sumati, son of Merodach-baladan, and the Assyrians whom he had enticed and taken with him. [http://biblegateway/wiki/Ziggurat, Ziggurrat ZIGGURRAT]. Chedorlaomer, also spelled Kedorlaomer (/ k d r l e m r /; Hebrew: , Tiberian: Korl'mer; Vat.), is a king of Elam mentioned in Genesis 14. Vegetation 7. the writing was pictographic, the earliest examples being found at Warka (Uruk IV) and neighboring sites, but this soon gave way to a well-developed polysyllabic writing employing more than four hundred different signs. Bears, panthers, wild boars, wolves, wild cats, foxes, jackals, and several species of wild dogs, however, still exist. Harosheth-hagoiim ( Judg 4:2, 13) may be a specific locality . Nevertheless pure Semites had settled in the country at a very early date, and it is probably on account of this that Elam is called (Genesis 10:22) a son of Shem-indeed, the many Sere inscriptions found by the French explorers at Susa show how strong their influence was. Words nearby Shinar shimmer, shimmery, shimmy, Shimonoseki, shin, Shinar, shinbone, shindig, shindy, shine, shiner Blog. Life of Jesus Timelines. nim'-rod (nimrodh; Nebrod): A descendant of Ham, mentioned in "the generations of the sons of Noah" ( Genesis 10; compare 1 Chronicles 1:10) as a son of Cush. [2][3] [4], The name inar occurs eight times in the Hebrew Bible, in which it refers to Babylonia. dialects of Assyrian and Babylonian (Akkad.) Under a dominant Sem. The Principal Cities 10. A Harmony of the Life of Jesus - Four gospel accounts in harmony. 2. The mountain ranges of Luristan increase in height as one approaches the Persian plain, the loftiest summits of the principal range attaining a height of 5,000 meters (= 16,400 ft.).4. He established his kingdom "in the land of Shinar," including the cities "Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh" ( Genesis 10:10 ), of which only Babel, or Babylon, and Erech . (8) Elam Again Supreme.Later came the military exploits of Sutruk-Nahhunte, who invaded Babylonia, slew the king Zagaga-sum-iddina, and helped by his son Kutir-Nahhunte, destroyed Sippar, and took away the stele of Naram-Sin, the code of Hammurabi, and several other monuments, which were carefully preserved at Susa. house of Agade was followed by nearly a cent. In his 31st he defeated Rim-Sin of Larsa, following this up, in his 32nd, by overthrowing the army of Asnunnak. New American Bible His kingdom originated in Babylon, Erech and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar. It is so violent that it carries down boulders and even tree-trunks from the mountains, and after a winding course joins the Karun at Kut-e-Bende-Kir. Climate:The climate is a variable one. The Elamite line in Larsa was continued after the death of Eri-Aku by Rim-Sin, his brother, who succeeded him. Notwithstanding this, however, Urtaku invaded Babylonia as ally of certain Chaldean tribes. Chaldean domination, however, did not last long, for Dungi, king of Ur of the Chaldees, about 2500 B.C., invaded the country, accompanied by his vassal Gudea, viceroy of Lagas. Thus this is where Cush or Ethiopia dwelled. For other uses, see. du'-ra (dura'): The name of the plain on which Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, set up the great golden image which all his subjects were ordered to worship ( Daniel 3:1 ). After the Flood the king list declares that kingship was let down again from heaven, first in Kish. Seventy-eight kings held sway in Kish, Ur, Uruk (Erech), Mari and other named cities. ).Nimrod has not been identified with any mythical hero or historic king of the inscriptions. There seems also to have been a shrine to Nergal, god of war, which was restored by King Sin-gamil. All these successes in Elam and its dependencies probably made the kingdom of Babylon supreme in the land. Sculpture in Shinar:The reference to the Sumerian sculptures in (7) above will have shown that the inhabitants of the Plain of Shinar possessed an art of no mean order and of some antiquity, even at the time when it first presents itself to our notice. Amar-Suen, who died of infection from a foot ailment, was buried in the Royal Cemetery at Ur with his fathers. As one of its early kings, Berosus mentions Alorus, "the shepherd of the people," as having reigned for 10 sari, or 36,000 years. But in recent years a number of eminent authorities have maintained that it was at the northern end of the Dead Sea, in the vicinity of Jericho. 2 0 obj Shinar is further mentioned in Joshua 7:21; Isaiah 11:11; Daniel 1:2; and Zechariah 5:11, as a general synonym for Babylonia. This action on the part of the Elamites, however, did not save the people from Assyrian vengeance, for Sennacherib invaded and ravaged the country from Ras to Bit-Burnaki. Jubilees 10:20 states that the Tower of Babel was built with bitumen from the sea of Shinar.

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