The following excerpt is not an example of triple meter. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. ____________________. Many composers of the Baroque Period (1600-1750) composed music solely for the organ. Quickly and professionally. According to the text, in rondo form, the repeating themes are separated by: Form can be defined as the constructive or organizing element in music. The harmony is used through the piece to enhance the knowledge and understanding the melody with the use of color. Which of the following were important composers in the Medieval period? We know it is a lament because of the text and the plot of the opera. This sound is very similar to some of the "flute" sounds heard on modern-day organs often heard in church music. As you listen to these pieces, you may think to yourself that these piece sound "old." An opera is a large-scale ______ that is ______, a song, usually of a highly emotional nature. The following selection is from Berliozs Symphony Fantastique. 1:54. This piece of music is an example of: (3:59), This movement from a piano sonata by Beethoven exemplifies: (4:25), This cello piece exemplifies __________ form. Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? Piece for solo keyboard. Which best describes this section? (00:28). :40, Which of these examples is a recitative? The seventeenth-century system in New England in which church leaders sang each line of a psalm and the congregation repeated the lines back is called: In eighteenth-century New England, a new type of notation called ______________ evolved to help improve solfge instruction. NOTE: Be careful not to confuse the number of musical lines with the number of performers producing the musical lines. Perform and listen to this excerpt before attempting an . Which one of the following composers style is most closely associated with that of the commercial music world known as Tin Pan Alley? :22. (4:32), This instrument, which was very popular during the Renaissance, is called a (bent handle at the top). Which one of the following pairs of words or phrases represents the two main concepts behind Baroque music? A varied repeat of the first section with a return of the two original themes, Which Classical genre is represented by this example? The dynamics in this example is best described as: Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? For those interested in downloading a PDF handout of this unit's PowerPoint slides, click here. This is imitation. Dose this look good anything wrong with it? While music notation is centuries old, modern Western musical notation dates back to around 650 A.D. In the Baroque period, music for keyboard, Was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos, The following excerpt is most likely from a/an: What element of the musical style of the following piece indicates that it is from the Renaissance period rather than the Medieval period? Pictured left: harpsichord, by Grard Janot - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0. (16:54), Listen to the following example and select the genre that best defines it: (00:50), Which would be the most likely composer of this example? False. initialism for soprano, alto, tenor, bass, defining the voice types required by a chorus or choir to perform a particular musical work. (00:20). After reading through page learning about early keyboard instruments, view the video presentation for this section. If others in the the crowd join in then this is still a monophonic texture they are all singing the same tune in unison. What form did Strozzi foreshadow in her arias that became standard in opera? These instruments all use strings in some capacity, as you'll read below. Melodic ideas that are shown in one voice appear in other voices as well. (5:59). When the subject returns, we call this a middle entry - in other words, the subject enters again, in the middle of the piece. The hydraulis is the oldest-known keyboard instrument in recorded human history from around the 3rd century B.C., and is pre-cursor to the modern-day organ. Early baroque music is characterized by frequent use of polyphonic texture. What would you expect next? Consonant harmonies usually provide a feeling of tension. Picture by I. QuartierLatin1968, CC BY-SA 3.0. . Most people deplore accurate timepieces. what is the overall texture of this excerpt? What is this composers name? Many composers in the contemporary period sought alternatives to tonality, or key-centered music. Which statement most accurately describes the texture of this excerpt The excerpt moves from monophonic to polyphonic to homophonic. 3. (00:21). Bach (whom you read about in the earlier chapter 5.2). (4:32). The ____________ is a short instrumental composition based on a hymn tune to remind the congregation of the hymn's melody. Syncopation is often used in jazz settings, This example illustrates the use of: (00:30), The following example features a steady pulse played by the bass. His name is: Which one of these composers was considered a national hero in his homeland? (00:26), The most salient compositional aspect of the following excerpt is: (00:35). (3:11). He used lyric melodies to show the Romantic styles, but within the framework of Classical forms. The Robertsbridge Codex (pictured left) is an early manuscript that dates back to around 1360 (toward the end of the Medieval period) and contains the oldest music ever written solely for the keyboard. Despite advances in other areas, Renaissance harmony and polyphony remained restricted to the music rules that governed most of the Medieval period. Summary: Homophony is an important category of musical texture. 1:00, The following musical excerpt is from a recitative. Subscribe to our mailing list and get FREE music resources to your email inbox. Monteverdi an early baroque composer strove to create music that was. (00:13). I hope it helps summarise the topic for you: You do not have to choose one texture to use for the whole of a piece of music you are writing. __________ is an Italian term that describes moderately fast tempo, The repeated rhythm pattern is part of the accompaniment, The following piece is an example of triple meter. Depending on the size and girth of the pipe, the sound would either be low or high (larger pipes created low pitches, while smaller pipes created higher pitches). Which of the following characterize Strozzi's Amor dormiglione (Sleepyhead, Cupid!) Watch this video of Ernst Stolz performing a piece titled "Rowland" by John Dowland (1563-1626) an English Renaissance. The secular text and overall musical style of this example suggest that it is from a/an: Listen to this music example and answer the following question: What would be the typical expectation regarding the rest of the movements of this particular type of work? Some of the ______ in the Baroque suite were of ______ origin, bringing a bit of earthiness to the more ______ surroundings. :47. The diagram above demonstrates the entire form of Bach's "Little Fugue." In the Baroque period, music for keyboard Was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos, The following excerpt is most likely from a/an: :40. Musical texture refers to how melody and harmony relate to each other. "Ahi" ("alas," "oh," or "oi"), is repeated antiphonally, in sudden contrast to previous material, a dramatic gesture like pressing one's hand on the chest or forehead. After 38 seconds, the other vocalists join in singing various different vocal and percussive parts the texture has become more complex, but it is still broadly homophonic. It represented the first viable alternative to tonal music. In the Baroque era, convents were one of the few institutions that fostered musical creativity in women. When it's done, voice 2 enters with the same melody through imitation, while voice 1 plays a counter-melody called the counter subject. You can get your paper edited to read like this. The following excerpt represents homophonic texture. Baroque music, a style of music that prevailed during the period from about 1600 to about 1750, known for its grandiose, dramatic, and energetic spirit but also for its stylistic diversity. Which one of the following is not a general characteristic of Romantic music: Compositions were based on logic and controlled feelings. (7:31). The definition of monophonic music is taken from the Greek (mono-phonic), literally meaning one sound. During the Baroque period, the term sonata was used for musical works __________. Antonn Dvork was inspired by his Hungarian Dance No. Bach (whom you read about in the earlier chapter 5.2). Whilst this is technically true, it is a very basic description and we need to try to be a bit more detailed in the language we use to describe texture in music. The opening motive consists of alternative (sixths & fourths/fourths & thirds/sixths and thirds/fifths and thirds) 4. (00:47). The text or script of an opera Recitative a kind of musical declamation or speech The purely instrumental sections that the orchestra performs in an opera are called: The overture and sinfonia Lutheran musical worship is structured around ______ hymns known as ______, which are specific to a particular service. The purely instrumental sections that the orchestra performs in an opera are called: Lutheran musical worship is structured around ______ hymns known as ______, which are specific to a particular service. All fugues are polyphonic in texture, and employ a compositional technique known as imitation. (indirect object) The ranchhand gave each of us a handful of food pellets. Which best describes the ensemble playing the Alla hornpipe movement from Water Music by Handel? Have a listen to this example of Lady Gaga performing the National Anthem at the Superbowl: In this example a piano has been added to the solo vocal line so it is clearly not monophonic. 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Which of the following 20th-century trends sought to restore order, harmony, and emotional restraint to music? In the following sentences, underline the sentence part or parts given in parentheses. :47, Listen to this music example and answer the following question: Who would be a likely composer for this work? (as in the excerpt above). While we're not sure exactly what instrument it was written for, it's likely that it was some type of organ (we'll see the organ below). (00:18), This music passage is an example of: (00:16). Most organs have at least 2 manuals, though some of them have up to 7 different manuals! (00:42). Which of the following elements are found in a fugue and which are not? Which of the following best describes aleatory music? Bach's Badinerie is primarily for an orchestra comprised of flute and string orchestra, with the string orchestra including, what is known as, a basso part. Which of the following examples represents sacred music? The imitation of various voices of texture was common of the baroque period. :24, The following excerpt is most likely from a: In fact, one of the most significant types of compositions in the Baroque Era, which is the Fugue, is Polyphonic by definition. (3:30), Which of the following Italian tempo terms best applies to this selection? There may be other movements, some of which may introduce soloists. The following excerpt is an example of Renaissance a cappella choral music. (1:00), Which statement reflects the musical features of the following music example? Monteverdi, an early baroque composer, strove to create music that was. Many composers of the Baroque Period (1600-1750) composed music solely for the organ. You'll read more about the pipe organ below. The virginal from above is a member of the harpsichord family. However, you will often hear monophonic singing in informal settings like contemporary sports matches where the crowd is singing in unison. Then, write the correct form of the verb in parentheses to complete the sentence. Each measure contains a combination of strong and weak __________, which represent the underlying ____________ of the music. The instruments therefore have a "twangy" effect, because you can actually hear the string being plucked (imagine plucking a guitar string with your finger nail, and that's the sound you get. 1:01, Which statement does NOT apply to the following music example? (00:20), The composer of the following music example could likely be (00:40). But Purcell also lets us know it is a lament with a bass line that descends stepwise. Fugues have several sections: their first section is called the Exposition. Pitches of the subject are stated backwards. Who composed La favola dOrfeo, a work that marks the beginning of opera as a major art form? The video presentation discusses this complex form in more detail, going through it section by section. As a result, they are often considered to be forming a same-sounding texture hence they can be considered to be homophonic. The rhythm in each layer adds to the understanding of the melody. Which statement does NOT apply to the following music example? The following excerpt is most likely from a(n):33. courante, allemande, sarabande, and gavotte. Listen to this music example and answer the following question: Who would be a likely composer for this work? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections, The following excerpt is an example for which style of recitative? . Both the clavichord and virginal are similar keyboard instruments. Rather than water pressure being used to create air pressure, a bellows was used instead. A. The following musical excerpt represents strophic form. Both instruments are played by pressing a key, which in turn, moves a plectrum up, which plucks a string. Prima practica emphasized equality of voices whereas seconda practica emphasized a hierarchy of voices. Quickly and professionally. Which statement does NOT apply to the following music example?:20. These dots don't look like modern notes (they're called neumes), but they function in a similar way. 0000 0026 a cappella with only . What were the main social classes of early China? Explain how PITCH relates to TEXTURE in this excerpt. Pitches of the subject are stated upside down. Benectine monk Guido d'Arezzo helped to establish the 5-line staff that we use today in the 10th and 11th centuries AD. (00:14). This instrument is very different from the keyboard instruments that we use today like the piano, harpsichord, clavichord, and virginal. One of the most common forms of polyphonic texture is the fugue. This texture can be described as Melody and Accompaniment. Which event triggered the United States to issue the Truman doctrine? Which of the following forms is not based on the principle of contrast? The excerpt moves from monophonic to polyphonic to homophonic. watch this video presentation for the Organ, The video presentation discusses this complex form in more detail, going through it section by section. Pipe organ at St. Germain cathedral in Paris, taken by Grard Janot - Own work, Public Domain. This music passage is an example of: (00:16) Homophony However, is is also not strictly homophonic as the rhythms of the piano part do not exactly match the vocal line. :40, The dynamics in this example is best described as: Given the atonal nature of this example, which of the following is the most likely composer? Most of the notated music that survives from the Medieval period is secular in nature. It sounds similar to the virginal, but it produces a more powerful, richer, and fuller sound. From which of the following pairs would you choose the most likely composer of this example? Some fugues contain up to 7 voices -- that means that at any given time, the ear and brain can hear up to 7 distinct melodic layers happening at the same time! The move to establishing a system of 12 major and minor keys took place within the mid- to late Baroque period. Which of the following terms does not refer to a basic musical texture? :20, The vocal technique illustrated by the following example is known as: 2005: Baroque: Vivaldi, Antonio: Concerto Opus 10 No. It is extraordinary how much emotion Debussy creates with just a solo melody line: We rarely hear entirely monophonic songs in the published contemporary musical scene. The accompaniment may consist of chords moving together with the melody, or a more elaborate pattern, possibly of broken chords or figurations. Give the quiz to some of your classmates. An oratorio is not intended for religious services. Have a look at this visual diagram of a monophonic texture (the blue line is the solo melody): Monophony is the oldest type of music (it was the only type of music performed in Ancient Greece) and was the form of music used in early church plainchant and Gregorian Chant music. The composers Samuel Barber, Thea Musgrave, and Ned Rorem resisted the 20th-century trend of serialism, Which of the following is the composer for this piece? Which of the following excerpts features frequently changing tempos? :47. (00:40), Wide dynamic range and repetition in the melody to express deep feelings, The musical features of the following example suggest that it comes from a/an: (00:40), In the Baroque period, music for keyboard, Was created mainly for use in instrumental genres such as sonatas, suites, and concertos. Basso continuo; The Doctrine of Affections, The following excerpt is an example for which style of recitative? The sacred text and overall musical style of this example suggests that it is part of a/an: (00:22), Does the following excerpt move mainly by disjunct, conjunct, or repeated tones? In contrast to the Renaissance, where vocal and choral music took center stage, instrumental music established itself as the most significant genre of the Baroque period. During the Romantic period, most composers were: Independent business persons, earning their living by performing music, writing music for specific occasions and commissions, and collecting royalties on published music. Monophonic(single-note) texture: You can see this clearly from the sheet music: However, if the singing is accompanied by an instrument, a band or an orchestra (as it usually is when a national anthem is being sung at the start of a sports match), or if some singers start to harmonise the melody then the texture becomes more complicated. Think "row row row your boat," being sung as a . Part of the Zilten Mosaic from the 2nd century AD discovered in Libya, depicting the hydraulis, a water-powered organ. When you describe the texture of a piece of music, you are describing the relationship of melodic and (sometimes) harmonic elements with each other. How does the villancico by Gaspar Fernandes mix language and imagery? :35, Which of the following describes this example? Which best describes the texture of the first movement of Bach's Cantata 140, Wachet auf? . 1. based on a Baroque tune: melody (Based on Baroque composer Henry Purcell) Composers and arrangers can introduce some elements of variation in a piece of music without altering its basic form. :39, The following excerpt is most likely from a(n) It is no longer monophonic as it now has an accompaniment. Based on the Baroque model, how did Mozart envision the interaction between orchestra and soloist in a concerto? A large-scale composition for chorus, vocal soloists, and orchestra, usually set to a narrative biblical text, is called, Oratorio differs from opera in that it has no, What is a major difference between a cantata and an oratorio. Have a look at this example of a sports crowd singing the US National Anthem in unison at the Ryder Cup: The crowd are all singing in unison with no accompaniment and so it is a monophonic texture.

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