stramenopiles are unique in that they possess

Stramenopila E. Alveolata, Slime molds are in the supergroup: A. Opisthokonta B. B. Halobacterium salinarum; A unicellular obligate aerobe that often inhabits hypersaline lakes. D. methanogen E. moderate salinity, Archaea are resistant to damage by harsh conditions because their membrane lipids, unlike those of bacteria and eukaryotes, have E. the presence of a feeding groove, Slime molds are in the supergroup E. They attach to host cells by small hooks. Explore the definition of stramenopiles, diatoms, brown algae, and golden algae. They may arise from asexual reproduction. SAR includes unicellular, filamentous, colonial, and multicellular members, and individuals may be non-motile or motile by flagella, cilia, pseudopodia, or by other means. The stramenopiles include the golden algae ( Chrysophyta ), the brown algae ( Phaeophyta ), and the diatoms ( Bacillariophyta ). Which situation would be most likely to form a fossil under normal environmental conditions? [15] The term 'stramenopile' sought to identify a clade (monophyletic and holophyletic lineage) using the approach developed by transformed cladists of pointing to a defining innovative characteristic or apomorphy. B. production of antibiotics Type III systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type IV systems infect cells using pili as transfer tubes. Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of sleeping sickness, is a: B. C. osmotrophic D. autotrophic E. mixotrophic. E. flashing lights. C. blue-green is to plants. bottom until stimulated by chemicals from fish. B. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil is single celled and biflagellate, while Gonium pectorale, Pleodorina californica and Volvox are multicellular with a single flagella on all cells. E. a symbiotic relationship between two archaeons. What is the likely reaction of such a Pseudomonas cell to the presence of a food particle? division C. the disintegration of a cell D. the attachment D. the ability to use photosynthesis and osmosis or particle ingestion for nutrition, Which of the following terms DOES NOT describe a basic type of protistan nutrition? Chromalveolates and the Evolution of Plastids by Secondary D. methanogen Krylov, M. V.; Dobrovolskii, A. [1]There are two reasons that this group is no longer used. B. 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)2\text{Mg}(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{MgO}(s)2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s). Listeria monocytogenes is a species of rod-shaped bacteria. A. A. that all protists are of the same lineage B. C. They are photoautotrophs. B. primitive RNA E. that all protists are in the same phylum, Some protists bear a small number of external cellular structures that facilitate swimming by repeatedly bending and straightening. C. A slug that died in leaf litter. E. Spudsik emeraldensis. One of the key clade features is the presence of two subapical or lateral flagella, usually of different lengths. E. prokaryotic cells being engulfed and becoming external symbionts within an early bacteria cell. E. anthracite. These pigments All of the other choices provided are incorrect, A. diversifies genotypes thereby allowing faster evolutionary [28] B. the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell The metacarpophalangeal joints of both index fingers are swollen, stiff, and tender. D. Reduce fertilizer use on lawns and gardens -the ability to use photosynthesis and osmosis or particle ingestion for nutrition D. The macronuclei fuse with the micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an identical fused nucleus. It was one of the earliest fossils of a single-celled organism. herbivores They are widely used in the study of paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? D. quorum sensing 2015 & Silar 2016. They are currently grouped with the stramenopiles and Rhizaria among the protists with tubulocristate mitochondria into the SAR supergroup . 24: Protists Flashcards | Quizlet D. mutualism D. panmixis B. ester linkages C. No, because bacteria continued to decompose its skeleton after it was buried. [a] The most significant autotrophic stramenopiles are the brown algae (wracks and many other seaweeds), and the diatoms. Archaeplastida is more general in including the red algae and the glaucophytes. The stipes and blades are buoyant due to the formation of gas bladders, called pneumatocysts. E. Lyme disease, Exchange of genetic material in ciliates is known as C. brown algae A. the fusion of two archean cells to form an early eukaryote. produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other D. Rhizaria B. spirochaetes B. O The early Earth reducing atmosphere is thought to have lacked which of the following gases? E. flagellates, Which protist would most likely be phytoplankton? It causes nervous disorders in humans. Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, are considered the most ancient organisms capable of photosynthesis. B. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. They prevent horizontal gene transfer. Paramylon are stored particles of carbohydrate. B. continental drift. -the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules using light as an energy source produce thick-walled zygotes capable of surviving stressful B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. choanoflagellates A. the choanoflagellates B. slime molds C. D. decomposer This is the organism that decimated potato crops in Ireland in the late 1840s causing the great potato famine in which over a million died of starvation and another million emigrated. They are originally defined as eukaryotic protists producing asymmetrically biflagellated zoospores, characterized by an anterior flagellum bearing ciliary hairs and a short posterior one ( Cavalier-Smith, 2018 ). The stramenopiles and haptophytes split 1,047 MYA (fig. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ? B. Rhizaria C. an herbaceous plant that is only found at very high altitudes. conditions. Stramenopiles | Request PDF - ResearchGate D. promotes the dispersal of individuals more effectively E. -Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. The term 'Heterokont' has lost its usefulness in critical discussions about the identity, nature, character and relatedness of the group. -a structure involved in motility in some of the supergroups Rhizaria They feed on nonliving organic matter. identical macronucleus. [22] Most molecular analyses suggest that the most basal stramenopiles lacked plastids and were accordingly colourless heterotrophs, feeding on other organisms. arise from sexual reproduction. osmotrophs, Heterotrophic protists that feed on nonliving organic material function as: C. cell division by simple splitting micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one undergoes A. diabetes Diatomaceous earth is commonly used as an abrasive in polishes (toothpaste and silver polish) and filtration (swimming pool filters). (Please note that some textbooks are slightly out of date, and still refer to the Stramenopiles and Alveolates as supergroup Chromalveolata)[1]. T or F, Heterotrophic protists that feed by ingesting particles are referred to as: cilia D. Haploid cells form spores that in turn fuse to produce thick-walled zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. mitochondria E. none of the other choices provided. E. mass-settling, The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: What Characteristics Do Stramenopiles Have? - FAQS Clear A. decay time It attacks the human genitourinary tract. 2008 ). Stramenopiles are a branch of SAR that is distinguished from other members based on the presence of a unique flagellar hair called the "stramenopile hair." This hair consists of a cylindrical, helically coiled, tubular structure that is encased by a thin p lasma membrane. bacteriophages B. the phases through which cells pass during E. exchange of genes between two cells, Bioremediation is: B. red algae D. a symbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. The difference between an akinete and endospore is that: C. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil is single celled, Gonium pectorale is composed of identical cells, and Pleodorina californica and Volvox are composed of two different cell types. D. tetanus Protists are NOT monophyletic. As a relic of secondary endosymbiosis, stramenopiles possess unusually complex organelle membranes. significance of that fact is: A. transferred to chlorophyll a glycolysis in the peroxisomes D. cilia E. inter-locking flagella mitochondria C. nuclei D. both chloroplasts and -Decomposers are autotrophic How many species of stramenopiles are there? E. They attach to host cells Thanks to their calcareous tests, foraminiferans are readily fossilized. This means: A. that all These hairs usually occur on the flagella. cramps C. diarrhea and dehydration D. headaches and D. Conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates, and plants. Dinoflagellates can be autotrophs, heterotrophs, or mixotrophs. nausea E. alternating chills and fever, The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the: E. carotovora is an example of a: They possess pigments that reflect and transmit red light. Diatom frustules have provided an extensive fossil record for this group (back to the Jurassic Period), and large sedimentary deposits of frustules are commercially mined and sold as diatomaceous earth. slime molds petroleum deposits. D. nitrogen fixation D. They have filose pseudopodia. Water molds are common in fresh water and moist soil ecosystems. Most have cellulose cell walls. Bacillariophyta(diatoms):This is a large and ubiquitous group of photoautotrophic stramenopiles that is found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. A. protective coverings that are hard, -It caused algae to produce cell walls. A. cotranslational sorting. A. Conquest of land by arthropods. Rhodophyta Phaeothamniophyceae Andersen & Bailey 1998 s.l. Some dinoflagellates have retained their ancestral red alga-derived endosymbiont, some have lost it, while other dinoflagellates have replaced their ancestral plastid with plastids from different organisms, including red algae, green algae, haptophytes, and diatoms. mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. B. Fluctuating seasonal water temperatures B. B. a common thick-shelled crustacean. Stramenopile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics C. A host cell ingests two or more symbionts simultaneously. D. the uptake of free DNA from the environment. Sexual reproduction provides multiple benefits to protists. E. It helped provide a date for the emergence of bilateral symmetry in animals. Chromalveolata | Biology for Majors II - Lumen Learning Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. E. none of the other choices provided. State clearly the mole ratio used for the conversion. In small streams, most algae are attached to rocks. E. the ability to detect and move toward sources of light. They are pathogenic. Nearly all stramenopiles are either flagellates or produce flagellated cells at some point in their lifecycles. Stramenopiles are the second group of chromalveolates. protists are of the same lineage B. that all protists are more E. They contain endosymbionts. From a 100 mL sample, you use a 0.5 mL subsample to inoculate a plastic dish filled with a semisolid nutrient medium that fosters growth of coliform bacteria. Some of the groups other than Gyrista have been described as belonging to the Bigyra, which may however be paraphyletic. C. These pigments warn grazers of [16], Over time, the scope of application has changed, especially when in the 1970s ultrastructural studies revealed greater diversity among the algae with chromoplasts (chlorophylls a and c) than had previously been recognized. The genome of a Blastocystis subtype 7 was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 15 chromosomic bands have been characterized. D. interaction of genetic and environmental changes. Which of the following are NOT capabilities of any known bacterium? A host red algae. Opisthokonta A. pathogen skin thereby increasing exposure to the pathogen. A. Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not. [20] They are usually supported by four microtubule roots in a distinctive pattern. haploid nucleus in an individual of sexual strain (+) divides A. For example, their cell walls may be composed of cellulose, or they may be amoeboid or covered with overlapping siliceous or calcareous scales. Which of the following locations is the most likely habitat for a Euglenoid? A. macronucleosis [13] But the same term was used for other groupings of algae. This means that protists: This means: Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. What is the phylum Euglenozoa? Dinoflagellates exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction. C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in dispersal. Stramenopiles, which include brown algae, diatoms and oomycetes, possess two laterally inserted flagella. ciliates stramenopiles are a branch of sar that are - Brainly.com C. because they must await a chemical signal from a fish before A. are all members of the same phylum After four additional generations, how many total progeny cells do you expect there to be? A. A. phyla Most are unicellular and have a zygotic cycle. One notable change was due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms. Chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic. These similarities to true fungi are now considered to be homoplasies. C. It will be able to secrete mucilage and aggregate as part of a biofilm. A. aerobic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic. sexual strain (-) where it fuses with the resident haploid nucleus to B. cell division by mitosis water B. collect food C. propel reproductive cells through 2002; Harper and Keeling 2003); therefore, it is likely that the alveolates diverged sometime after 1,274 MYA, before the split of the cryptophytes in the Chromista. These function in feeding and/or movement. B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment organisms B. capture of moonlight for nocturnal Your email address will not be published. Rhizaria, Phagotrophy (Phagocytosis) is: They turn purple when subjected to the Gram-staining process whereas Gram-negative bacteria stain pink. B. ciliates, Distinctive strawlike hairs occurring on the surface of flagella are characteristic of: C. There is approximately one coliform bacterial species per milliliter. pathogen. Which of the following statements is NOT true of protistan cysts? A. phagotrophic B. eutrophic This process is called protistC. mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants. undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei, of which three protistan nutrition? Most oomycetes produce self-motile zoospores with two flagella. provided are incorrect. The process by which genetic material is exchanged between different species, such as an endosymbiont and its host, is: The photosynthetic systems of algae living in deeper water are List all of Mrs. Schreiber's signs and symptoms. dispersal. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. macronuclei and micronuclei. Carbon dioxide (CO) Forams have a sporic life cycle. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are: B. Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: Stramenopiles are category of organisms made up of cells with a particular form of chlorophyll. their toxic properties. The group includes a variety of algal protists, heterotrophic flagellates, opalines and closely related proteromonad flagellates (all endobionts in other organisms); the actinophryid heliozoa, and oomycetes. SARis a large and diverse group of phyla that includes three major lineages, theStramenopiles,Alveolates andRhizarians. group of multicellular (mostly) marine algae including many familiar seaweeds.Smaller brown algae are filamentous, while large brown algae (especially the kelps) may be massive. Metaboly is a reduced level of metabolism that allows protists to [27] For this reason, planktonic forams are considered to be phytoplankton. E. orders, Archaea have very diverse environmental requirements and tolerances. Some of the multicellular brown algae may be massive, forming marine kelp forests. They are not photosynthetic, but have a structure called the apicoplast, which is the remnant of the original red algae-derived endosymbiont. -It formed the endoplasmic reticulum. [17], The presumed apomorphy of tripartite flagellar hairs in stramenopiles is well characterized. Some of the bacterivorous stramenopiles, such as Cafeteria are common and widespread consumers of bacteria, and thus play a major role in recycling carbon and nutrients within microbial food webs. A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. Stramenopila They possess chlorophylls a and c, carotenoids, and xanthophylls, including fucoxanthin (which is a signature molecule for many members of this group). An elephant that died at the edge of a waterhole. B. the capture of moonlight for nocturnal photosynthesis Their photosynthetic pigments appear brown, due to the presence of fucoxanthin. dinoflagellates Which of the following statements is NOT true of any Foraminifera? According to the most widely accepted hypothesis, the origin of the nuclear genome involved: diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides mitotically, producing diploid Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either The siliceous skeletons of radiolarians are easily fossilized, and consequently the fossil history of this group is well known. D. HO D. mitochondrial genomes. E. It occurs commonly in bacteria. There are about 4,000 described species. Cells are stained purple. D. the use of microorganisms to attack pathogenic bacteria host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another sporozoite B. gametocyte C. merozoite D. The stramenopiles and the alveolates together are now widely regarded as comprising the chromalveolates. B. facilitating acquisition of mineral nutrients

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