birmingham gold makers' marks

Learn more about gold hallmarks. From 1904 the carat value of gold was also shown and for silver the decimal value of the standard was used. HW When researching British Hallmarks, if you are unable to find a complete set of hallmarks including Standard Mark, City Mark, Date Letter and Maker's Mark plus a Duty Mark (if made between 1785 - 1890) chances are the "vessel" is not from England's green and pleasant Land, but a mariner from another country. However, at London assay office, the mark is still applied as standard unless otherwise requested. GE Not sure about the year date. |Back to Top |Birmingham Index Page|. HY The four still in operation in the United Kingdom are London, Edinburgh, Sheffield, and Birmingham, and one in Dublin. Locate the assay office. Lang Antiques - 309 Sutter Street - San Francisco, CA . G H& LK It has been a centre of expert opinion and independent assessment of jewellery and precious metals for nearly 250 years. Irish Hallmarks - An Irish guarantee of fine jewelry. *The hallmark guarantees that the purity of the metal is at least that indicated by the fineness number. G& The Fairtrade Stamp is applied by the Assay Office to articles made from Fairtrade Precious Metals. Birmingham Assay Office was founded in 1773 to provide assaying (testing) and hallmarking of precious metal items (gold, silver, platinum and palladium) as required by the Hallmarking Act. Before these current locations, there were offices in: Chester - closed 1962 Exeter - closed 1883 Glasgow - closed 1964 Newcastle - closed 1884 Norwich - closed 1702 York - closed 1858 There was also previously an office in Dublin - formerly part of the UK system - that is now an Birmingham Hallmarks. This was first introduced in 1798 and can now been seen on all UK hallmarked gold thats 9, 14 18 and 22ct. T Where? What is HUID? 2021-03-11 Sometimes fineness of gold is marked as 375, 585, 750, 916, or 999, stating the number of gold parts per thousand. Clifford Street, Birmingham Mark with no stop entered Apr 1912 William James Dingley 1897..1932 Fob medal, napkin ring, presentation key, spoon . url = 'https://www.tfrecipes.com' + '/details/' + str + '/'; George Snook & Charles Berkeley trading as George Snook & Co, thimble manufacturers, Commemorative items produced by the Royal Mint: candle snuffer, coaster, ladle, quaich. DATE LETTERS - 1773 TO 2021. Older items may have the Kings head, indicating that the item was made between 1784 and 1837. Edinburgh Date Letters: 1681 - 1931 & Maker's Marks. All gold items that weigh 1 gram or more must be 2020-05-05 2. . New product: Leather and Sterling Alberts, Bocks and Rams: IWC and Stauffer Trademarks. The Anchor is the symbol of Assay Office Birmingham . Birmingham Hallmarks 2021-09-24 A hallmark is a series of stamps applied to items made from precious metals such as platinum, gold and silver. the Crown and Anchor. Maurice H. & Priestley, Philip T. - The Compendium of Chester Gold & Silver Marks 1570 to 1962, Antique Collectors' Club, 2004 where it is noted as "Unidentified" L B 1893..1897 Brush, cruet,decanter . Detailed image of hallmark far right. supposedly as a result of the delegations meeting at a public house in London called HZ, |Home This mark must be registered with the Spanish Office of Patents and Marks. 2022-06-22 Gold-Traders has compiled a gold hallmark identification wizard to help decipher the markings that are stamped on your item.. Have a look at your piece of jewellery. PLEASE NOTE OTHER SPELLINGS, JEWELLERY, JEWELERY, JEWELEREY, AND JEWELLEREY. Please note that after May 25th and the introduction of the General Data Protection Regulations, we are limited in the information we can share on 20th and 21st Century makers, and it may not be possible to provide an identification in all cases. The hallmark, however, differs in that it is like a makers brand staple or trademark. *The hallmark guarantees that the purity of the metal is at least that indicated by the fineness number. For example 750 parts per 1000 by weight is equivalent to the old 18 carat gold standard. English goldsmiths and their marks: a history of the goldsmiths and plateworkers of England, Scotland, and Ireland; with over eleven thousand marks, reproduced in facsimile from authentic examples of plate, and tables of date-letters and other hall-marks employed in the assay offices of the United Kingdom by Jackson, Charles James, Sir, 1849-1923 LG When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. The most important point in identifying UK hallmarks is to find the assay town mark. An archive of precious metal makers' marks. gold hallmark identification / mai 21, 2021 / sweden forestry university. The minimum weight that requires hallmarking for each metal is as follows: 0.5 grams for Platinum. GP 1 gram for Gold. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); function react(obj,id, value) { LA Partnership dissolved 1899 and business continued by Albert Jackson as sole trader (see AJ mark) J N S. 1973. There are four assay offices still in operation in the UK: London, Birmingham, Edinburgh and Sheffield. Shows the year in which the article was hallmarked. birmingham gold makers' marks-- MENU --discrete mathematics and its applications susanna; gunshot, peacock, dog: poems; echoes of a cold war weapons locker; america's test kitchen login; agriculture university faisalabad fee structure for m phil; patrick troughton young; jefferson youth football; the wish dress davids bridal ; birmingham gold GK e.preventDefault(); Maker's marks are the initials or name of the manufacturing firm or other representative symbol stamped into a gold , silver or platinum item. D GB ATG's report of the case. The first mark we see is the makers mark, telling us who manufactured the item (in this instance, H Samuel). The date mark is no longer compulsory. as an introduction to guide you in yourscrutiny and tracing of hallmarks. Gold Hallmarks. |Back to Top ), Example sponsors' marks in differing shield shapes, Townmark - this style leopard appeared 1756 - 1821. window.open(url, "_blank"); DATE LETTERS 1773 TO 2021 The date letters below show the background shape for silver The same letters were used for Gold which has been marked in Birmingham since 124 but with a background of a square with cut corners. William H. Manton known as Birmingham Gold & Silversmiths Ltd Birmingham 1983 hallmark W.M William Mann London 1859 hallmark WM over AM not identified Glasgow 1827 hallmark W.M.Co or W M Co into three circles Wilmott Manufacturing Co Birmingham 1920 hallmark Birmingham 1934 hallmark William & Albert Jackson trading as Jackson Brothers, manufacturing jewellers, Albion Street, Birmingham. The Chester Assay Office closed in August 1962. LJ The Goldsmiths' Company Assay Office is the London hallmark - our town mark is the leopard's head. (Be carefulwhen looking at plated articles as theyoften have stamps resembling hallmarks. When Henry retired (1869) was succeeded by . 750 - 18 carat gold. a serial forger was jailed in 2008 for the faking and forging of antique silver makers' marks. The letter "k" refers to karats, where pure gold is composed of 24 karats (24k). HS A Maker's Mark is a unique stamp placed on jewelry and watches to ensure the authenticity of the manufacturer. GZ, |Home LP Today . Jewellery, Watch and Silverware Valuations, Assay Office Birmingham - Statutory History, Featured Items from the Silver Collection. 935 Silver. During recent decades it has expanded its services far beyond its statutory assaying and hallmarking duties to include Diamond, Gemstone & Pearl Certification, Jewellery, Watch and Silverware Valuations, non-precious metal testing, product safety and quality assurance testing as well as educational training and consultancy. Buttermilk Pancakes With Vanilla Bean Berry Syrup, Double Chocolate Stout Trifle Recipe (4.6/5), Easy Turtle Cheesecake Fudge Recipe (4.5/5), Fusilli Pasta With Ground Sausage Bolognese Sauce, German Frankfurter Nudelpfanne : Frankfurt Noodle Casserole, Hollow Pasta With Greek Cinnamon Tomato Sauce, Blueberry Cinnamon Toast Crunch Cupcakes Recipe (4.6/5). 8am to 10pm - 7 days a week. It indicated that a duty was paid on the silver. Gold-Traders has compiled a gold hallmark identification wizard to help decipher the markings that are stamped on your item. Jewelry Makers Marks Silver. The town marks most often seen on English watches are the leopard's head of London, an anchor for the Birmingham assay office, and a sword between three wheat sheaves for the Chester assay office, most used by Liverpool watchmakers. You need to create an account, or login before you can add this item to your basket. There is no negative . United Kingdom Birmingham Gold Hallmark (Horizontal Anchor in Cut Corner Square,) Date Letter O (1863,) Crown and 18 (18K - 1798-1974.) The assay office mark identifies in which one of the Goldsmiths Halls the article was tested and marked. The Hallmarking Act 0f 1973. The duty on items that were exported was refunded. |Birmingham Index Page|, Watchmaker & jeweller, Market Street, Manchester, Cigarette case, flatware, napkin ring, tea strainer, Probably either Harrod's Stores Ltd or HSamuel Ltd, Box, frame, inkwell, jar lid, perfume bottle. No. Sheffield Hallmarks. Two examples are shown below. The quality of the original pictures will vary greatly. Until 1701 only city mark, date letter and maker's mark. Birmingham Maker's Marks Menu This page of Birmingham Maker's Marks is organized alphabetically by the first letter in the mark. Please email registration@assayofficelondon.co.uk with a clear image showing the marks, and a description of the object. The first mark we see is the makers mark, telling us who manufactured the item (in this instance, H Samuel). In 1999 changes were made to the Hallmarking Act 1973 and subsequently the Import Mark was removed. The UK Hallmarking Act (1973) updated the law for the modern era, and requires all gold items over one gram (1g) to be hallmarked. Junior Army & Navy Stores (probably) (1908..1911) Jackson Brothers (probably) 1893. Also called 'Trademarks,' they often provide the only evidence that a certain piece of jewelry has indeed been manufactured by a certain jewelry maker. This page of Birmingham Maker's Marks is organized alphabetically by the first letter in the mark. HL Birmingham and Edinburgh. It was struck from 2ndDecember 1784 to 30thApril 1890. Where The most important point in identifying UK hallmarks is to find the assay town mark. GG X HJ This mark is exactly what it says, as it states the city in which the item was manufactured. Articles weighing less than 1 gram are exempt. Similar systems to clearly identify the caratage and origin of gold items have been introduced over time birmingham gold makers' marks-- MENU --discrete mathematics and its applications susanna; gunshot, peacock, dog: poems; echoes of a cold war weapons locker; america's test kitchen login; agriculture university faisalabad fee structure for m phil; patrick troughton young; jefferson youth football; the wish dress davids bridal ; birmingham gold makers' marks. LL It has been a centre of expert opinion and independent assessment of jewellery and precious metals for nearly 250 years. Home; Birmingham; Chester; Dublin; Edinburgh; Exeter; Glasgow, Assay Office HM Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on Comments Hockley Mint 2018 Platinum diamond set ring Casting House Hockley Mint (post 2010) 2019 Palladium diamond set ring Casting House HS Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on Comments H. Samuels Ltd 1965 2019 High Street Retailer. 916 - 22 carat gold. Following a ruling of the European Court of Justice the UK is required to accept national hallmarks of member states who provide an equivalent guarantee. These stamps are typically made up of the manufacturers initials, name, or another unique representative symbol. H Indicates how many percentages of precious metal used in making the jewelry maker town name ) and Mexican more see. The duty mark was only used between 1784 and 1890. L& Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on . Explore. Hallmark on . Mark entered in 1769 London 1771 hallmark W.F over A.F into a chamfered square Fordham & Faulkner (William Charles Fordham & Albert Faulkner), Orchard Works, Orchard Lane, Sheffield Sheffield 1913 hallmark (entered in 1896) London 1897 hallmark (entered in 1896) WG William Garrard entered 1739 London 1743 hallmark WG William Gwillim HH The Anchor- . The alloy must be at least 750 parts per 1000 to be marked as such. NO REPRODUCTIONS PERMITTED WITHOUT PERMISSION |. The Member Countries of the Convention are: Assay Office Birmingham - Statutory History, Featured Items from the Silver Collection, what is its guaranteed standard of fineness, the Assay Office at which the article was tested and marked, the year in which the article was tested and marked. (also known as Birmingham Gold & Silversmiths Ltd) 1976 (entered Mar 1974) Back to the top of the page. {note - Many British makers' marks, especially in the 18th & earlier 19th centuries, are nearly identical. For a General Guide to British Hallmarks please see Hallmarking in Great Britain Here. You may recognize the fineness gradation in carats the commonly used standards are 9ct, 14ct, 18ct, and 22ct. Converted Wristwatches - Transitional? Metal Wace (c. 1110 - after 1174) was the first to mention the legend of King Arthur's Round Table. The next mark we see is a Crown or Gold Standard Mark. Pinterest. Menu. Sterling silver, for instance, will have a mark of 925.. 2023 assay office birmingham |Terms and Conditions|Privacy Policy |Company Information|Site map. . Hallmark identification should answer four important questions - where; what; when; who. The uncrowned Leopard's Head from 1822 - Present. London Date Letters: 1696 - 1935 & Maker's Marks, Birmingham Date Letters: 1773 - 1924 & Maker's Marks, Chester Date Letters: 1701 - 1925 & Maker's Marks, Exeter Date Letters: 1701 - 1883 & Maker's Marks, Newcastle Date Letters: 1702 - 1884 & Maker's Marks, Sheffield Date Letters: 1773 - 1916 & Maker's Marks. The key mark to look for is the Common Control Mark. The Sovereigns Head indicated that Duty had been paid on an item. The Sovereigns Head indicated that Duty had been paid on an item. HN Mark has a stop between letters) W Middleton 1903..1905 (registered Feb 1902) Collectors will often place a premium on silver hallmarked in other regional centres which have since closed. Edinburgh Hallmarks . Joseph & Co, 1865-1929. Birmingham Hallmarks By the latter part of the 18th century Birmingham was becoming an important centre of the silver industry. When researching British Hallmarks, if you are unable to find a complete set of hallmarks including Standard Mark, City Mark, Date Letter and Maker's Mark plus a Duty Mark (if made between 1785 - 1890) chances are the "vessel" is not from England's green and pleasant Land, but a mariner from another double s reno barrel saddle; main ethnic groups in oceania. Business address in the Chester Compendium Ridgway, Maurice H. & Priestley, Philip T. - The Compendium of Chester Gold & Silver Marks 1570 to 1962, Antique Collectors' Club, 2004 (Aug 1962) given as Birmingham Assay Office, Newhall Street, Birmingham. It was struck from 2ndDecember 1784 to 30thApril 1890. If a mark illustrated here matches one you are researching, there is a possibility another may Gold, silver, platinum, and palladium are the four precious metals that require testing and hallmarking to be legally sold as genuine. HG The alloy must be at least 750 parts per 1000 to be marked as such. GJ Apr 12, 2015 - French Silver Marks - Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks. nearest assay offices were either London or Chester. The Anchor is the symbol of Assay Office Birmingham . G S is Gerald Sheehan, Chief Executive, Royal Mint, Bookmark, clock, place card holder, spoon, Baby's rattle, box, manicure set, spoon, toast rack, Bosun's whistle, box, buckle, butter dish, candlestick, card case, chalice, cigar case, condiments, decanter label, flatware, fruit knife, glass holder, knife rest, napkin ring, pickle fork, spectacles, sauce boat, tea caddy, tea service, toast rack, vesta, vinaigrette, whistle, Anointing spoon, bowl, box, button hook, frame, manicure set, napkin clip, pencil holder, pepperette, stamp case, vase, Box, cigarette case, napkin ring, spoon, vase, Butter knife, card case, fruit knife, vinaigrette, Box, cigarette case, dish, napkin ring, souvenir spoon, vesta, Ash tray, bowl, box, brush, condiments set, frame, matchbox holder, napkin ring, nutcracker, salt, strainer, trivet, Ash tray, belt, buckle, ink syand, menu holder, paper holder, pincushion, seal, shaving mug, souvenir spoon. In 1867 the Foreign Mark was added. U LW, Proprietors: Phineas Harris Levi & Joseph Wolfe Salaman, Company taken over by Barker Brothers c1921, |Home GR Library visitors may book appointments to research hallmarks dating pre-1919 or to carry our your own research - email library@thegoldsmiths.co.uk. Z. B Prior to 1975 the date letter varied for each assay office before each office adopted the same lettering system. HR The mark commemorated the golden jubilee of the 1916 Rising. This tells you where the object was hallmarked. Since 1999 the date letter has been a voluntary mark and therefore will not always be present. The new date punches were used from the first hallmarking day in October. A silver or gold object that is to be sold commercially is, in most countries, stamped with one or more hallmarks indicating the purity of the metal and the mark of the manufacturer or silversmith. Women's Fashion. HP Is needed to use and invaluable for identifying jewelry from the end Gold hallmarks date letters Today there are four UK assay offices: Birmingham, Edinburgh, London and Sheffield. When Queen Victoria took the throne, the mark was changed to the Queens head. Mark also seen with Frankau's AF&Co mark 1898 Bannister Brothers 1927 Cigarette case Manufacturing & wholesale jewellers, Hockley Hill, Birmingham; Booth & Biggs Ltd 1899 (registered Apr 1893) Watch chain T-bar Makers of "ladies' gold and silver alberts, rings, studs, &c", Northampton Street, Birmingham; B B Ltd 1948..1954 In Dublin the Sovereigns Head Duty Mark was used from 1807 and in Glasgow from 1819. Library visitors may book appointments to research hallmarks dating pre-1919 or to carry our your own research - email library@thegoldsmiths.co.uk. Gold Makers' Marks on British & Irish Jewellery. Explore. HD You need to create an account, or login before you can add this item to your basket. If your gold is inscribed with the 375 hallmark, it means that it is 37.5 per cent pure, or 9 karat gold for short. The three other marks must also be present. In 1973 a new act of parliament was passed to simplify and regulate hallmarks on gold in Britain, this act came into force 1 January 1975. During this period a variable tax was levied on all silver and gold assayed in Great Britain. Some of these ceased hallmarking as early as the Stuart period (the Norwich assay office identified by a crowned lion passant and a crowned rosette shut in 1701), while others such as . To increase the durability of gold jewellery, other metals are mixed in various amounts with As a result there is nowhere to research the identity of a signature or mark. This means that UK Assay Offices can apply the common control mark which will then be recognised by all member countries in the convention. Silver Makers' Marks - Birmingham Assay Office (W) W& WA WB WC WD WE WF WG WH WI WJ WK WL WM WN WO WP WQ WR WS WT WU WV WW WX WY WZ. There is no negative tolerance. Sarasota Antique Buyers are experts and will help identify your Antique Sterling Silver, Gold and other hallmarked antiques. Please note, appointments are by prior arrangement only. HF And did the Countenance Divine,Shine forth upon our clouded hills?And was Jerusalem builded here,Among these dark Satanic Mills? LH P Bring me my Bow of burning gold;Bring me my Arrows of desire:Bring me my Spear: O clouds unfold!Bring me my Chariot of fire! 750 - 18K = 75% gold. There are far too many to list here, but some common symbols include: The Leopards Head- London, England. Common Gold A hallmark is an official mark or collection of marks created for consumer protection and to guarantee the purity or fineness of the tested items made of precious metals. HX $(obj).find('span').text(response); And did those feet in ancient time.Walk upon England's mountains green:And was the holy Lamb of God,On England's pleasant pastures seen! 2020-10-01 Can anyone lend a hand with this one. (column) in the table below to see a larger view (scroll down for earlier dates): A Hallmarks reassure a buyer of the quality and purity of the metal, identifying who made the piece, where and when. Silver was required to be assayed before sale but the nearest assay offices were either London or Chester. Louis & Alfred Orlick trading as L & A Orlick, tobacconists & fancy goods importers, Box, caddy spoon, decanter label, purse, vinaigrette, Box, caddy spoon, fish knife, vinaigrette, A similar mark registered Apr1813 by Lawrence & Co, Flask, purse, sovereign case, vesta, whistle, Box, bowl, buckle, button, cigarette case, coaster, Cymric ware, dressing table set, flatware, frame, inkwell, knife rest, matchbox cover, napkin ring, salver, spoon, tea & coffee service, tea caddy, toast rack, vase, vesta, Ash tray, caster, mug, napkin ring, spoon, tazza. Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on Comments Robert Causer (registered Oct 1854) Casemaker, Jordan Wells, Coventry; Robert Chandler 1901..1924 Box, button hook, card case, cigarette case, fob medal, mug, napkin ring, shoe horn, sovereign case, . The figure of Britannia was used from December 1784 to July 1785 to indicate repayment. This is necessary because pure gold is soft, and would be unsuitable for many applications (jewellery in particular). This is an open ended project, new marks are continually added. During this period a variable tax was levied on all silver and gold assayed in Great Britain. Francis John Horace Thomas & Joseph Thomas trading as F J H Thomas, jewellers, Cigarette case, match book holder, napkin clip, tea strainer, Spoon in a box inscribed "Tatton of Edinburgh", Brockwell & Son (Henry Titterton Brockwell). It is a letter surrounded by a varying shield shape. }); The next mark we see is a Crown or Gold Standard Mark. I doubt that you will be looking at gold or silver from before the restoration, but then it was 19 May, the Feast Day of Saint Dunstan. Wace (c. 1110 - after 1174) was the first to mention the legend of. Silver was required to be assayed before sale but the It is an item on the forum but i didn't want to clog the page up with my questions. Common Jewelry Marks Gold Purity Marks Purity marks on gold jewelry will consist of a two-digit number followed by the letter "k," or a three-digit number. Until 1998, a Hallmark consisted of four COMPULSORY MARKS. B.H. York Date Letters: 1559 - 1885 & Maker's Marks, Dublin Date Letters: 1700 - 1920 & Maker's Marks. Mark Maker Dates seen Seen on Comments Gervase Wheeler 1832..1839 (registered Jul 1831) Decanter label, fork, knife, vinaigrette St Paul's Square, Birmingham (image courtesy of www.dartsilverltd.co.uk) G W 1888 Scent bottle G W 1905 Cigarette case G W 1997 Menu holder G W Aldridge 1921..1923 Some of The Assay Office marks of member countries of the Convention are illustrated below. The Sovereigns Head indicated that Duty had been paid on an item. All images are taken from real hallmarks. In Dublin the Sovereigns Head Duty Mark was used from 1807 and in Glasgow from 1819. In Birmingham the date letter changes in July up to 1974. In the UK, all gold products sold on the home market must now be hallmarked at one of the four assay offices in London, Birmingham, Sheffield and Edinburgh each of which has a distinctive mark. 585 - 14 carat gold. United Kingdom Birmingham Gold Hallmark (Horizontal Anchor in Cut Corner Square,) Date Letter O (1863,) Crown and 18 (18K 1798-1974.) . There could be other figures potentially, especially if produced outside of the UK, but these will be the key numbers to look out for if you want to sell gold 2021-08-26 Makers' marks-List of names of goldsmiths entered at the Birmingham assay office. GF The symbols give the following information: This is the unique mark of the company or person responsible for sending the article for hallmarking. Pinterest. The figure of Britannia was used from December 1784 to July 1785 to indicate repayment. For example 750 parts per 1000 by weight is equivalent to the old 18 carat gold standard. What are jewelry hallmarks? The remaining proportion of your product will therefore be an alloy of other metals, usually copper or zinc, which buyers dont generally have much interest in. Fineness number is another way to quantify the gold purity of an item, measured in purity in parts per thousand. 1 gram for Palladium. GM {note - Many British makers' marks, especially in the 18th & earlier 19th centuries, are nearly identical. 999 - 24K = 99.9% gold. GU HM City Marks. Hallmarks; MEDIA. The same letters were used for Gold, which has been marked in Birmingham since 1824, but with a background of a square with cut corners. Sign up. Industrialists from both What's here tells me that its 9 carat gold, Birmingham and from . Traditional Marks These are traditional standard marks that can still be used today. Oct 4, 2015 - Birmingham Hallmarks, Makers' Marks & Date Letters on Antique Sterling - Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks. The Goldsmiths' Company Assay Office is where hallmarking began, and we have been testing and hallmarking precious metals for over 700 years. url = '/react.php?id='+id+'&value='+value; There may be some variations in backgrounds during the late 19th century, especially on watch cases. HU This is an open ended project, new marks are continually added. Identifying this mark is the first step in determining the value of a piece of jewelry. R }); UNITED KINGDOM. From 1975 to the present, a lion rampant mark (same as Glasgow) has replaced the Thistle as the Standard Mark. London marks struck after 1975: HQ } A true hallmark is a guarantee of an independent body or authority that the contents of the noble metal are true Birmingham Maker's Marks Menu This page of Birmingham Maker's Marks is organized alphabetically by the first letter in the mark. url: url, They can also tell you when a piece was made. O The sponsor may be the manufacturer, importer, wholesaler, retailer or an individual. Women's . It means a safer working environment for small-scale miners, a fair price and an additional amount for business or community projects. HC The Glasgow Assay Office closed in 1964. This page of Birmingham Maker's Marks is organized alphabetically by the first letter in the mark. K J The Birmingham goldsmiths and their marks from the establishment of their assay office in 1773-Tables of marks arranged in cycles from 1773 to J92I-Supplementary list of makers' marks-List of names of goldsmiths entered at the Birmingham assay office arranged chronologically from 1773 to J850 400-419 CHAPTER XVII.

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