why did china become communist quizlet

[133] However, under pressure from Chiang, Wang eventually purged Communists from his government and declared his loyalty to the right-wing government in Nanjing. influence in rural society. Ray Huang, (Reading Chiang Kai-shek's Diary from a Macro History Perspective) China Times Publishing Company, 1994-1-31. [72] Chen was elected in absentia to be the first General Secretary. The creation of the PRC also completed the long [221] The defection and capture of large numbers of well-trained KMT troops finally gave the PLA material superiority over the Nationalist army. [186] Nevertheless, as Mao left for negotiations he simultaneously ordered the Shangdang Campaign to defeat as many KMT units in Shanxi as possible and thereby gain a stronger hand at the negotiating table. Marshall to broker an agreement, by 1946 the two sides were But its monumental Afghanistan failure seriously tarnished U.S. credibility on a broad foreign policy front. Years of corruption and mismanagement had eroded popular Although not a communist, Sun admired the success of the Russian Revolution and sought help from the Soviet Union. [144] In 1930, the Comintern began pressuring the CCP to conduct more "anti-rightist" actions and Li Lisan was promoted to propanganda chief. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Giant seaweed blooms beaching begins, expected to worsen, CNNs Wallace spars with Sanders after slamming companies, Rices departure brings relief to immigration advocates, Lightfoot sends letter to Abbott urging him not to send any more migrants, Trump, Fox News have a new point of tension: Tucker Carlson. The immediate effect was to make it clear to CCP leaders that a formal military apparatus was needed, and during the flight from Nanchang they founded the Chinese Red Army.[141]. Why Did China Become Communist Flashcards | Quizlet But 50 years on many believe it had the opposite effect, paving the way for China's embrace of capitalism. Springer publishing. Routledge. Under the pretext of "receiving the Japanese surrender," business interests within the KMT government occupied most of the banks, factories and commercial properties, which had previously been seized by the Imperial Japanese Army. [194], In late 1948, the CCP and the newly rechristened "People's Liberation Army" (PLA) launched the decisive Liaoshen Campaign. Tung, William L. [1968] (1968). Communist army. [57], Many of the May Fourth protests were led and organized by students, who had become increasingly radical in the past few years. Instead, America continued to recognize and supply the Nationalist Chinese government that had been established by Chiang Kai-shek on the island of Taiwan. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. The defeat left an opening for machinations within the party leadership. 1. the establishment of the new Chinese state was hampered by both domestic [47][48][49] The New Culture Movement was especially strong in cities like Shanghai, where Chen Duxiu began to publish the left-leaning journal New Youth in 1915. Police and party cadres in each locality, backed up by army units, began to crack down on criminal activities associated with economic breakdown. China becomes Communist Flashcards | Quizlet The political institutions of modern China. [45][46] The failure of the new Chinese Republic to improve social conditions or modernize the country led scholars to take a greater interest in Western ideas such as socialism. The CCP made effective use of situation to rebuild their movement around the Chinese peasantry. The CCP leadership quickly took over from Mao when they arrived from Shanghai. invaders. suspend diplomatic ties with the PRC for decades. The goal of the Marshall Mission was to bring both parties into a coalition government, with the hope that a strong, non-Communist China would act as a bulwark against the encroachment of the Soviet Union. [127] He's forces arrived on 25 March, and on the next day, Cheng and He were finally able to put an end to the violence. The following article onwhen did China become communist is an excerpt from Lee Edwards and Elizabeth Edwards SpaldingsbookA Brief History of the Cold WarIt is available to order nowatAmazonandBarnes & Noble. At the same time as workers organized in the cities, peasants rose up across the countryside of Hunan and Hubei provinces, appropriating the land of the wealthy landowners, who were in many cases killed. Mao Zedong is reported to have said that "women hold up half the sky" and should be treated equally. the Secretary of State, Travels of [129][130] The White Terror spread nationwide and the United Front collapsed. Leader of the Nationalist Party in China. [42][43][44] However, this happened on a very small scale, and had no immediate impacts. At first, the Communists allied with the GMD against the warlords, but it didn't last long. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. As with the first effort at cooperation between the Nationalist seemed more and more likely. States. supplies in Manchuria. Or to stand in their way and oppose them. A priority goal of the communist political system was to raise China to the status of a great power. Every revolutionary party and every revolutionary comrade will be put to the test, to be accepted or rejected as they decide. War between GMD and CCP- lead to the Long march which the CCP won 4. To march at their head and lead them. The CCP also attempted to wear out the KMT forces as much as possible. In 1950, during the Korean War, U.S. and PRC armed forces clashed. Mao rose to become the Chairman of CCP during the Long March while the CCP narrowly avoided complete destruction. We shall thus virtually notify the Communists that they can consider the war ended and themselves as victors.. Trumans desire to prevent the Korean conflict from spreading south led [70][71][72] The dozen delegates resolved to affiliate with the Communist International (Comintern), although the CCP would only formally become a member at its second congress. [174] The Nationalist Government failed to curb inflation after the Japanese surrender and continued to print more currency to pay for the civil war. The Soviet Union's decision to let the communists take control of Japanese weapons and supplies left behind in Manchuria, on the other hand, proved decisive. With a growing economy and a strong military, it became a powerful world actor. We cant treat this incarnation of China as a normal country, just like any other.. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Marriage and land reforms gave women more rights, and women were encouraged to enter the work forcethough there was a temporary reversal when urban women were encouraged to be good socialist housewives. and the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang (KMT), which broke out immediately This tactic seemed to be successful; after a year, the power balance became more favorable to the CCP. Revolutionary priorities had to be made consonant with other needs. Chairman Mao (as he was known) had a plan to lower rent, redistribute land, energize industry, and uphold women's rights. [178] This was compounded by the Communists' lack of war material like trucks, artillery, and other heavy weaponry. [98][99] By doing so, Chiang was able to prove his usefulness to the CCP and their Soviet sponsor, Joseph Stalin. Great Leap Forward. [166] The temporary truce with the Nationalists also made it possible for the Communists to once again target the urban proletariat, a policy advocated by the "internationalist" faction of the party. By contrast, the Chinese Communist Party continues to pursue expansionist economic, political and military goals and challenge the West at every level, especially in the informational and ideological domains. That created an anxiety that China was being "carved up like a melon" by greedy imperialists. These undemocratic polices combined with wartime corruption made the By the 1920s, Japanese armies were pushing into Manchuria in northeast China. Zhang, Chunhou. [2003] (2003). In April 1948 the city of Luoyang fell, cutting the KMT army off from Xi'an. [110][111] Mao predicted that: In a very short time, in China's central, southern and northern provinces, several hundred million peasants will rise like a mighty storm, like a hurricane, a force so swift and violent that no power, however great, will be able to hold it back. To this day, the Chinese Communist Party remains the governing party of mainland China and the second-largest political party in the world.[2]. All Rights Reserved. On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong [154] This arrangement did not end tensions between the CCP and KMT. What Was the Iron Curtain and How Did It Collapse? The process, as Mao admitted, was "not a dinner party.". politics and global tensions. What three problems caused The Great Leap Forward to fail within a year? They hoped to use them against the Communist army. By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. Scarecrow press. "[67] Instead, most Chinese Marxists had determined to follow the Leninist model, which they understood as organizing a vanguard party around a core group of professional revolutionaries. On 10 March, the Wuhan leadership nominally stripped Chiang of much of his military authority, though refrained from deposing him as commander-in-chief. Anxiety about imperialism is understandable. Senator Vandenberg, present at the meeting, wrote in his diary: If, at the very moment when Chiangs Nationalists are desperately trying to negotiate some kind of peace with the Communists, we suspend all military shipments to the Nationalists, we certainly shall make any hope of negotiated peace impossible. And its erratic stalemate policy on Ukraine has raised doubts about the U.S. commitment to Taiwan despite Bidens occasional ad hocremarks unmatched by formal administration statements. [2003] (2003). U.S. forces flew tens of [146] The Communists' new base in Yan'an might indeed have been destroyed, but the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War gave them a reprieve. [] Our goal should be to induce change., Pompeo said the ideological challenge is not an easy one, because it needs to begin with an updating of Americans own perceptions about China. [134][135][136], In 1927, immediately after the collapse of Wang Jingwei's leftist Kuomintang government in Wuhan and Chiang Kai-shek's suppression of communists, the CCP attempted a series of uprisings and military mutinies in Guangzhou, Nanchang and Hunan. Between 1927 and 1937, Communists tried to gain power for themselves, with the nationalists suppressing them. Fast forward to the end of WWII, and the Japanese were forced to surrender in China (as elsewhere), but only to the GMD. This collaboration lasted until the "White Terror" of 1927, when the Nationalists turned on the Communists, killing them or purging them from the party. [114] When they arrived in Wuhan on December 10, the Nationalists found a city gripped by enthusiasm for the revolution. Manchuria in 1931, The Nuremberg Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Trials (19451948). Robert Gates, secretary of Defense in the Bush and Obama administrations, recently decried the inadequacy the virtual nonexistence of an effective U.S information strategy. [115], The Wuhan government proved its competency when, in January 1927, violent protests broke out in the British concession at Hankou. Rather than condemning the peasant movement, his now-famous Hunan Report made the case that a peasant-led revolution was not only justified, but practically possible and even inevitable. But is the housing market headed for a crash? After declaring a republican government, the new nationalist party, called the Guomindang (GMD). After the Japanese invaded [186] On August 23, Mao told the Politburo that without Soviet backing, the CCP would have to make concessions to Chiang. [177] In the south, the New Fourth Army had recovered from the attempted massacre of its forces and established a serious Communist presence along the banks of the Yangtze. "Reconsideration of Chen Duxiu's Attitude toward the Peasant Movement." The Great Leap Forward hadn't worked, and the economy was slow. Reasons? 19271949 revolution establishing the People's Republic of China, This article is about political and social developments, and the origin and aftermath of the war. Years of mistrust between the two sides thwarted [73] The party had 50 members at the beginning of 1921, 200 in 1922, and 2,428 in 1925. The what? [117] British and American naval forces were sent to evacuate their respective citizens, resulting in a naval bombardment that left the city burning and at least forty people dead. Glad you asked. [102] After purging his opponents in the KMT leadership, Chiang Kai-shek was appointed Generalissimo of the National Revolutionary Army and set out to defeat the warlords one at a time. More than 800,000 could flee Sudan amid fighting, UN warns, Biden: Taxpayers not on the hook for First Republic failure, How an Uncommon Table can help bring our divided nation together, Washington Gov. support for the Nationalist Government. published the China White Paper, which explained past U.S. policy toward China Hurley. The cost of restoring order and building up integrated political institutions at all levels throughout the country proved important in setting Chinas course for the next two decades. No, it wasn't a diet craze. All rights reserved. [186] These claims included control of Port Arthur and joint control over the Chinese Eastern Railway, which Chiang reluctantly accepted in return for Soviet recognition of the KMT as the sole legitimate government of China. States of maintaining relations with Nationalist China, no one in the U.S. Another possible date is the surrender of Japan on August 10, 1945, which began a scramble by Communist and Nationalist forces to seize the equipment and territory left behind by the Japanese. [162][163] In contrast with the Nationalists, the Communists undertook moderate land reform that made them extremely popular among the poorer peasants. The announcement United Front with the Nationalist Party. Truman, however, did not embrace the new communist China. [77] The CCP continued to be dominated by students and urban intellectuals living in China's large cities, where exposure to Marxist ideas was strongest: three of the first four party congresses were held in Shanghai, the other in Guangzhou. Landlords utilized forms of exploitation such as usury, corruption, and the theft of public funds to enrich themselves and their families. [1994] (1994). to the U.S. policy of protecting the Chiang Kai-shek government on Taiwan. THE HILL 1625 K STREET, NW SUITE 900 WASHINGTON DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 TEL | 202-628-8503 FAX. which pitted the PRC and the United States on opposite sides of an international

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